Python Selenium自动化测试PO设计模式实战

　　Page Object设计模式是自动化测试非常重要的一环，很多新入门自动化测试难以理解，先来看官网对PO说明：

1、设计原则

The public methods represent the services that the page offers Try not to expose the internals of the page Generally don't make assertions Methods return other PageObjects Need not represent an entire page Different results for the same action are modelled as different methods

　　翻译如下：

　　公共方法表示页面提供的服务

　　不要暴露页面的细节

　　Page设计中不要出现断言，应该写在测试用例类中

　　方法应该返回其它的Page对象

　　不要去代表整个page

　　不同的结果返回不同的方法，不同的模式

从字面理解还是比较困难，我们继续看官网例子，官网例子为java

public?class?LoginPage?{????private?final?WebDriver?driver;????public?LoginPage(WebDriver?driver)?{????????this.driver?=?driver;????????//?Check?that?we're?on?the?right?page.
????????if?(!"Login".equals(driver.getTitle()))?{????????????//?Alternatively,?we?could?navigate?to?the?login?page,?perhaps?logging?out?first
????????????throw?new?IllegalStateException("This?is?not?the?login?page");
????????}
????}????//?The?login?page?contains?several?HTML?elements?that?will?be?represented?as?WebElements.????//?The?locators?for?these?elements?should?only?be?defined?once.
????????By?usernameLocator?=?By.id("username");
????????By?passwordLocator?=?By.id("passwd");
????????By?loginButtonLocator?=?By.id("login");????//?The?login?page?allows?the?user?to?type?their?username?into?the?username?field
????public?LoginPage?typeUsername(String?username)?{????????//?This?is?the?only?place?that?"knows"?how?to?enter?a?username????????driver.findElement(usernameLocator).sendKeys(username);????????//?Return?the?current?page?object?as?this?action?doesn't?navigate?to?a?page?represented?by?another?PageObject
????????return?this;????
????}????//?The?login?page?allows?the?user?to?type?their?password?into?the?password?field
????public?LoginPage?typePassword(String?password)?{????????//?This?is?the?only?place?that?"knows"?how?to?enter?a?password????????driver.findElement(passwordLocator).sendKeys(password);????????//?Return?the?current?page?object?as?this?action?doesn't?navigate?to?a?page?represented?by?another?PageObject
????????return?this;????
????}????//?The?login?page?allows?the?user?to?submit?the?login?form
????public?HomePage?submitLogin()?{????????//?This?is?the?only?place?that?submits?the?login?form?and?expects?the?destination?to?be?the?home?page.????????//?A?seperate?method?should?be?created?for?the?instance?of?clicking?login?whilst?expecting?a?login?failure.?????????driver.findElement(loginButtonLocator).submit();????????//?Return?a?new?page?object?representing?the?destination.?Should?the?login?page?ever????????//?go?somewhere?else?(for?example,?a?legal?disclaimer)?then?changing?the?method?signature????????//?for?this?method?will?mean?that?all?tests?that?rely?on?this?behaviour?won't?compile.
????????return?new?HomePage(driver);????
????}????//?The?login?page?allows?the?user?to?submit?the?login?form?knowing?that?an?invalid?username?and?/?or?password?were?entered
????public?LoginPage?submitLoginExpectingFailure()?{????????//?This?is?the?only?place?that?submits?the?login?form?and?expects?the?destination?to?be?the?login?page?due?to?login?failure.????????driver.findElement(loginButtonLocator).submit();????????//?Return?a?new?page?object?representing?the?destination.?Should?the?user?ever?be?navigated?to?the?home?page?after?submiting?a?login?with?credentials?
????????//?expected?to?fail?login,?the?script?will?fail?when?it?attempts?to?instantiate?the?LoginPage?PageObject.
????????return?new?LoginPage(driver);????
????}????//?Conceptually,?the?login?page?offers?the?user?the?service?of?being?able?to?"log?into"????//?the?application?using?a?user?name?and?password.?
????public?HomePage?loginAs(String?username,?String?password)?{????????//?The?PageObject?methods?that?enter?username,?password?&?submit?login?have?already?defined?and?should?not?be?repeated?here.????????typeUsername(username);
????????typePassword(password);????????return?submitLogin();
????}
}

?

以上学习依然费劲，下面我们以登录为例，用PageObject模式开发脚本：

login.py? 登录类Page

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_#大牛测试#qq:2574674466#2574674466@qq测试数据class?loginPage(base):
　　#对用户名元素封装
????def?username(self):????????return?self.by_id("nloginname")????#对密码元素封装
????def?passwd(self):????????return??self.by_id("npwd")????#对登录按钮封装
????def?btn(self):????????return??self.by_id("nsubmit")????#对登录方法封装
????def?LoginIn(self,username,passwd):
????????self.username().send_keys(username)
????????self.passwd().send_keys(passwd)
????????self.btn().click()

?

base.py? 基类封装，

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_#大牛测试#qq:2574674466#2574674466@qq测试数据class?base():????def?__init__(self,driver):
????????self.driver?=?driver?????#id定位
????def?by_id(self,element):????????return??self.driver.find_element_by_id(element)????#name定位
????def?by_name(self,element):????????return?self.driver.find_element_by_name(element)????#xpath定位
????def?by_xpath(self,element):????????return??self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(element)

?

loginTest.py? 登录测试类

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_#大牛测试#qq:2574674466#2574674466@qq测试数据class?logingTest(unittest.TestCase):????def?setUp(self):??????#初始化
????????self.driver?=?webdriver.Chrome(path)????def?test_01(self):
????????lo=loginPage(self.driver)
????????l=lo.LoginIn("","")????def?tearDown(self):??????#执行完成后退出???????self.driver.quit()if?__name__?==?'__main__':
?????unittest.main()

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