Macaca 自动化框架 [Python 系列]

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? ?Macaca 自动化框架 [Python 系列] ? ?

2017-03-12 14:19?狂师? 阅读(6110)? 评论(0)?编辑?收藏 ? ?

或可直接查询testerhome发表的文章： https://testerhome测试数据/topics/7898

介绍

Macaca是一套完整的自动化测试解决方案，基于node.js开发。由阿里巴巴公司开源：

地址：https://github测试数据/macacajs/

特点：

同时支持PC端和移动端（Android、iOS）自动化测试。

支持JavaScript（Node.js）、Java、Python。

前置准备

安装Java

Java下载地址：(http://HdhCmsTestjava测试数据/zh_CN/download/manual.jsp)

打开下载链接选择相应的版本进行下载。我们以Windows安装JDK为例，

双击下载的JDK ，设置安装路径。这里我选择默认安装在：

D:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_25\目录下。

下面设置环境变量：

【我的电脑】->右键菜单--->属性--->高级--->环境变量--->系统变量-->新建：

变量名：JAVA_HOME

变量值：D:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_25

变量名：CALSS_PATH

变量值：.;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\dt.jar;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;

找到path变量名—>“编辑”添加：

变量名：PATH

变量值：%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%JAVA_HOME%\jre\bin;

安装Ant构建工具

Apache Ant,是一个将软件编译、测试、部署等步骤联系在一起加以自动化的一个工具，大多用于Java环境中的软件开发。

下载地址：http://ant.apache.org/manualdownload.cgi

下载zip包之后解压，我的解压位置为：D:\java\apache-ant

然后，将该目录添加到环境变量path下面。

变量名：PATH

变量值：D:\java\apache-ant\bin;

安装Android SDK

Android SDK提供了你的API库和开发工具构建，测试和调试应用程序官方地址：(http://developer.android测试数据) 如果无法下载，你也可以通过该地址下载Studio与SDK。下载地址： (http://HdhCmsTestandroid-studio.org/index.php/download)

如果只是想运行Android模拟器，单独下载SDK也可以。 Android SDK（Windows）百度网盘下载地址：(http://pan.baidu测试数据/s/1kVOvxEB)

下面设置环境变量：

【我的电脑】右键菜单--->属性--->高级--->环境变量--->系统变量-->新建.. 变量名：ANDROID_HOME 变量值：D:\android\android-sdk-windows ?(以本机为主)

找到path变量名—>“编辑”添加：变量名：PATH 变量值：;%ANDROID_HOME%\platform-tools;%ANDROID_HOME%\tools;

iOS前置准备

安装homebrew ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent测试数据/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

安装ios-webkit-debug-proxy brew install ios-webkit-debug-proxy

Macaca环境安装

1、Macaca由Node.js开发，所以需要安装Node.js。

地址：https://nodejs.org/en/

2、安装Node.js完成。首先切换切换淘宝源，因为国外资源访问很慢，而且有些资源还无法下载。

npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

3、通过淘宝源安装 macaca-cli

cnpm i macaca-cli -g

4、安装webdriver-client

cnpm install webdriver-client

5、安装macaca-electron

cnpm install macaca-electron -g

macaca-electron是基于Electron开发的Macaca驱动，是Macaca驱动之一。

6、安装macaca-chrome

cnpm install macaca-chrome -g

7、安装Macaca Python Client，支持pip安装。

下载地址:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/wd

python3 -m pip install wd

8、安装macaca-chromedriver

cnpm install macaca-chromedriver -g

9、安装macaca-android

cnpm install macaca-android -g

10、安装macaca-ios

cnpm i macaca-ios -g

注意事项

1、npm方式安装慢的问题

npm install -g cnpm --registry=http://r.cnpmjs.org ?(或用淘宝镜像：registry = https://registry.npm.taobao.org) 或者先安装cnpm，再用cnpm代替npm命令 (安装cnpm方式，请参照上述)

2、切换源方式按快捷键【Win+X】 --> 选择“提示命令符(管理员)A”，打开超级管理员权限的cmd命令窗口，输入命令:“npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.orgnpm” 回车，即可跟换源，输入命令“ config get registry ”回车可以查看更换是否成功

3、安装chromedriver超时失败

npm install -g chromedriver --chromedriver_cdnurl=http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis测试数据或者 npm install -g chromedriver --chromedriver_cdnurl=http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver

官网示例

Sample示例地址: https://github测试数据/macaca-sample/macaca-test-sample-python Python API文档：https://macacajs.github.io/wd.py/

启动

启动Macaca服务

macaca server --verbose 【加--verbose，打印详细日志】 python tests/macaca-desktop-sample.test.py ?【运行测试】

常用命令

安装

npm i macaca-cl -g

服务端

macaca server ?（正常模式） macaca server -p 3456 ?（设置端口） macaca server -p 3456 & ?（设置端口后台运行） macaca server --verbose（输出详细日志）

测试

macaca run (运行当前目录用例集) macaca run -d ./test (运行指定目录下用例集)

检查

macaca doctor ?（环境检查）

帮助

macaca -h macaca server -h macaca run -h macaca doctor -h

代码

macaca electron示例

import?unittest
import?time
from?macaca?import?WebDriver

desired_caps?=?{
????'platformName':?'desktop',
????'browserName':?'electron'
}

server_url?=?{
????'hostname':?'localhost',
????'port':?3456
}

class?MacacaTest(unittest.TestCase):
????@classmethod
????def?setUpClass(cls):
????????cls.driver?=?WebDriver(desired_caps,?server_url)
????????cls.driver.init()

????@classmethod
????def?tearDownClass(cls):
????????cls.driver.quit()

????def?test_get_url(self):
????????self.driver???????????????????????????????.set_window_size(1280,?800)?????????????.get('https://HdhCmsTestbaidu测试数据')

????def?test_search_macaca(self):
????????self.driver??????????????????????????.element_by_id('kw')?????????????.send_keys('macaca')
????????self.driver??????????????????????????.element_by_id('su')?????????????.click()
????????time.sleep(3)
????????html?=?self.driver.source
????????self.assertTrue('macaca'?in?html)
????????self.assertTrue(
??????????self.driver.element_by_css_selector_if_exists(
????????????'#head?>?div.head_wrapper'))
????????self.driver????????????????????????????????????????????????.element_by_xpath_or_none('//*[@id="kw"]')?????????????.send_keys('?elementByXPath')
????????self.driver??????????????????????????.element_by_id('su')?????????????.click()
????????self.driver.take_screenshot()


if?__name__?==?'__main__':
????unittest.main()

chrome 示例

#coding=utf-8
import?unittest
from?macaca?import?WebDriver
from?time?import?sleep


desired_caps?=?{
????'platformName':?'Desktop',??#//?iOS,?Android,?Desktop
????'browserName':?'Chrome',????#//?Chrome,?Electron
}

#?对应Macaca服务的ip和端口号。
server_url?=?{
????'hostname':?'127.0.0.1',
????'port':?3456
}

class?MacacaTest(unittest.TestCase):

????@classmethod
????def?setUpClass(cls):
????????cls.driver?=?WebDriver(desired_caps,?server_url)
????????cls.driver.init()

????@classmethod
????def?tearDownClass(cls):
????????cls.driver.quit()

????def?test_get_url(self):
????????self.driver.get('https://HdhCmsTestbaidu测试数据')
????????self.assertEqual(self.driver.title,?'百度一下，你就知道')

????def?test_search_macaca(self):
????????self.driver.element_by_id("kw").send_keys("macaca")
????????self.driver.element_by_id("su").click()
????????sleep(2)
????????title?=?self.driver.title
????????self.assertTrue('macaca',title)


if?__name__?==?'__main__':
????unittest.main()

android示例

#coding=utf-8
import?unittest
import?os
import?time
from?macaca?import?WebDriver

desired_caps?=?{
????'platformName':?'android',
????'app':?'https://npmcdn测试数据/android-app-bootstrap@latest/android_app_bootstrap/build/outputs/apk/android_app_bootstrap-debug.apk',
????'reuse':?3
}

server_url?=?{
????'hostname':?'localhost',
????'port':?3456
}

def?switch_to_webview(driver):
????contexts?=?driver.contexts
????driver.context?=?contexts[-1]
????return?driver

def?switch_to_native(driver):
????contexts?=?driver.contexts
????driver.context?=?contexts[0]
????return?driver

class?MacacaTest(unittest.TestCase):
????@classmethod
????def?setUpClass(cls):
????????cls.driver?=?WebDriver(desired_caps,?server_url)
????????cls.driver.init()

????@classmethod
????def?tearDownClass(cls):
????????cls.driver.quit()

????def?test_01_login(self):
????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_xpath('//android.widget.FrameLayout[1]/android.widget.LinearLayout[1]/android.widget.FrameLayout[1]/android.widget.LinearLayout[1]/android.widget.RelativeLayout[1]/android.widget.EditText[1]')?????????????.send_keys('中文+Test+12345678')???
????????els?=?self.driver?????????????.elements_by_class_name('android.widget.EditText')

????????els[1].send_keys('111111')

????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_name('Login')?????????????.click()

????def?test_02_scroll_tableview(self):
????????self.driver??????????????????????????.element_by_name('HOME')?????????????.click()

????????self.driver?????????????????????????.element_by_name('list')?????????????.click()

????def?test_03_gesture(self):
????????self.driver?????????????.touch('drag',?{
??????????????'fromX':?200,
??????????????'fromY':?400,
??????????????'toX':?200,
??????????????'toY':?100,
??????????????'steps':?50
????????????})

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.touch('drag',?{
??????????????'fromX':?100,
??????????????'fromY':?100,
??????????????'toX':?100,
??????????????'toY':?400,
??????????????'steps':?50
????????????})

????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_name('Alert')?????????????.click()

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.accept_alert()?????????????.back()

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_name('Gesture')?????????????.click()

????????self.driver?????????????.touch('tap',?{
??????????????'x':?100,
??????????????'y':?100
????????????})

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.touch('doubleTap',?{
??????????????'x':?100,
??????????????'y':?100
????????????})

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.touch('press',?{
??????????????'x':?100,
??????????????'y':?100,
??????????????'steps':?100
????????????})

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_id('com.github.android_app_bootstrap:id/info')?????????????.touch('pinch',?{
??????????????'percent':?200,
??????????????'steps':?200
????????????})

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.touch('drag',?{
??????????????'fromX':?100,
??????????????'fromY':?100,
??????????????'toX':?100,
??????????????'toY':?600,
??????????????'steps':?100
????????????})

????def?test_04_webview(self):
????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_name('Webview')?????????????.click()

????????time.sleep(3)
????????self.driver.save_screenshot('./webView.png')?#?save?screen?shot

????????switch_to_webview(self.driver)?????????????.element_by_id('pushView')?????????????.touch('tap')

????????switch_to_webview(self.driver)?????????????.element_by_id('popView')?????????????.touch('tap')

????def?test_05_web(self):
????????switch_to_native(self.driver)?????????????.element_by_name('Baidu')?????????????.touch('tap')

????????time.sleep(3)
????????self.driver.save_screenshot("./baidu.png")

????????switch_to_webview(self.driver)?????????????.element_by_id('index-kw')?????????????.send_keys('macaca')

????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_id('index-bn')?????????????.touch('tap')

????def?test_06_logout(self):
????????switch_to_native(self.driver)?????????????.element_by_name('PERSONAL')?????????????.click()

????????self.driver.element_by_name('Logout')?????????????.click()

if?__name__?==?'__main__':
????unittest.main()

android示例【简精版】

#coding=utf-8
import?unittest
import?time
from?macaca?import?WebDriver

desired_caps?=?{
????'platformName':?'Android',?#?iOS,?Android,?Desktop
????#'browserName':?'Chrome',????#?Chrome,?Electron
????"package":?"com.huawei.iptv.stb",
????"activity":?"com.huawei.iptv.stb.ui.HeadTabActivity",
????"deviceName":"192.168.1.105:5555",
}

server_url?=?{
????'hostname':?'127.0.0.1',
????'port':?3456
}

class?MacacaTest(unittest.TestCase):
????def?setUp(self):
????????self.driver?=?WebDriver(desired_caps,?server_url)
????????self.driver.init()

????def?tearDown(self):
????????self.driver.quit()

????def?test_macaca(self):
????????el=self.driver.element_by_name("直播")
????????el.click()
????????time.sleep(2)

if?__name__?==?'__main__':
	unittest.main()

iOS示例

import?unittest
import?os
import?time
from?macaca?import?WebDriver

desired_caps?=?{
????'platformName':?'iOS',
????'platformVersion':?'10.0',
????'deviceName':?'iPhone?5s',
????'app':?'https://npmcdn测试数据/ios-app-bootstrap@latest/build/ios-app-bootstrap.zip',
}

server_url?=?{
????'hostname':?'localhost',
????'port':?3456
}

def?switch_to_webview(driver):
????contexts?=?driver.contexts
????driver.context?=?contexts[-1]
????return?driver

def?switch_to_native(driver):
????contexts?=?driver.contexts
????driver.context?=?contexts[0]
????return?driver

class?MacacaTest(unittest.TestCase):
????@classmethod
????def?setUpClass(cls):
????????cls.driver?=?WebDriver(desired_caps,?server_url)
????????cls.driver.init()

????@classmethod
????def?tearDownClass(cls):
????????cls.driver.quit()

????def?test_01_login(self):
????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_xpath('//XCUIElementTypeTextField[1]')?????????????.send_keys('中文+Test+12345678')???
????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_xpath('//XCUIElementTypeSecureTextField[1]')?????????????.send_keys('111111')?
????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_name('Login')?????????????.click()

????def?test_02_scroll_tableview(self):
????????self.driver??????????????????????????.element_by_name('HOME')?????????????.click()

????????self.driver?????????????????????????.element_by_name('list')?????????????.click()

????def?test_03_gesture(self):
????????self.driver?????????????.touch('drag',?{
??????????????'fromX':?200,
??????????????'fromY':?400,
??????????????'toX':?200,
??????????????'toY':?100,
??????????????'duration':?2
????????????})

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.touch('drag',?{
??????????????'fromX':?100,
??????????????'fromY':?100,
??????????????'toX':?100,
??????????????'toY':?400,
??????????????'duration':?2
????????????})

????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_name('Alert')?????????????.click()

????????time.sleep(1)

????????driver?????????????.accept_alert()?????????????.back()

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_name('Gesture')?????????????.click()

????????self.driver?????????????.touch('tap',?{
??????????????'x':?100,
??????????????'y':?100
????????????})

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.touch('doubleTap',?{
??????????????'x':?100,
??????????????'y':?100
????????????})

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.touch('press',?{
??????????????'x':?100,
??????????????'y':?100,
??????????????'duration':?1
????????????})

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_id('info')?????????????.touch('pinch',?{
??????????????'scale':?2,
??????????????'velocity':?1
????????????})

????????time.sleep(1)

????????self.driver?????????????.touch('drag',?{
??????????????'fromX':?100,
??????????????'fromY':?100,
??????????????'toX':?100,
??????????????'toY':?600,
??????????????'steps':?100
????????????})

????def?test_04_webview(self):
????????self.driver?????????????.element_by_name('Webview')?????????????.click()

????????time.sleep(3)
????????self.driver.save_screenshot('./webView.png')?#?save?screen?shot

????????switch_to_webview(self.driver)?????????????.element_by_id('pushView')?????????????.touch('tap')

????????switch_to_webview(self.driver)?????????????.element_by_id('popView')?????????????.touch('tap')

????def?test_05_web(self):
????????switch_to_native(self.driver)?????????????.element_by_name('Baidu')?????????????.touch('tap')

????????time.sleep(3)
????????self.driver.save_screenshot("./baidu.png")

????????switch_to_webview(self.driver)?????????????.element_by_id('index-kw')?????????????.send_keys('macaca')?????????????.element_by_id('index-bn')?????????????.touch('tap')

????def?test_06_logout(self):
????????switch_to_native(self.driver)?????????????.element_by_name('PERSONAL')?????????????.click()

????????self.driver.element_by_name('Logout')?????????????.click()

if?__name__?==?'__main__':
????unittest.main()

结束语

无

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更新时间：2022-11-28 阅读：27次