Centos7下部署两套python版本并存环境的操作记录

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需求说明： centos7.2系统的开发机器上已经自带了python2.7版本，但是开发的项目中用的是python3.5版本，为了保证Centos系统的正常运行，以及节省机器资源（不想因此再申请另外一台开发机器部署python3.5），所以需要安装python3.5与python2.7共存的开发环境。具体操作记录如下：

1）安装相关包
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?~]#?yum?-y?install?epel-release
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?~]#?yum?install?zlib-devel?bzip2-devel?openssl-devel?ncurses-devel?sqlite-devel?readline-devel?tk-devel

2)?编译安装python3.5
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?~]#?yum?-y?install?xz
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?~]#?wget?https://HdhCmsTestpython.org/ftp/python/3.5.3/Python-3.5.3.tar.xz
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?~]#?tar?xf?Python-3.5.3.tar.xz?-C?/usr/local/src/
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?~]#?cd?/usr/local/src/Python-3.5.3
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/python3
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?make?&&?make?install

从?Python?3.4?开始就已经自带了pip和easy_install（setuptools?包带的命令）?包管理命令，你可以在?/usr/local/python3/bin/?目录下看到，查看一下已经安装的扩展包：
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?ll?/usr/local/python3/bin/
total?24080
lrwxrwxrwx?1?root?root????????8?Sep?27?19:40?2to3?->?2to3-3.5
-rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root??????109?Sep?27?19:40?2to3-3.5
-rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root??????250?Sep?27?19:40?easy_install-3.5
lrwxrwxrwx?1?root?root????????7?Sep?27?19:40?idle3?->?idle3.5
-rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root??????107?Sep?27?19:40?idle3.5
-rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root??????222?Sep?27?19:40?pip3
-rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root??????222?Sep?27?19:40?pip3.5
lrwxrwxrwx?1?root?root????????8?Sep?27?19:40?pydoc3?->?pydoc3.5
-rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root???????92?Sep?27?19:40?pydoc3.5
lrwxrwxrwx?1?root?root????????9?Sep?27?19:40?python3?->?python3.5
-rwxr-xr-x?2?root?root?12309757?Sep?27?19:39?python3.5
lrwxrwxrwx?1?root?root???????17?Sep?27?19:40?python3.5-config?->?python3.5m-config
-rwxr-xr-x?2?root?root?12309757?Sep?27?19:39?python3.5m
-rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root?????3088?Sep?27?19:40?python3.5m-config
lrwxrwxrwx?1?root?root???????16?Sep?27?19:40?python3-config?->?python3.5-config
lrwxrwxrwx?1?root?root???????10?Sep?27?19:40?pyvenv?->?pyvenv-3.5
-rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root??????244?Sep?27?19:40?pyvenv-3.5
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3?list
DEPRECATION:?The?default?format?will?switch?to?columns?in?the?future.?You?can?use?--format=(legacy|columns)?(or?define?a?format=(legacy|columns)?in?your?pip.conf?under?the?[list]?section)?to?disable?this?warning.
pip?(9.0.1)
setuptools?(28.8.0)

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如果要更新pip，操作如下：
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3?install?--upgrade?pip
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3?list
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3）创建软连接
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?ln?-s?/usr/local/python3/bin/python3?/usr/bin/python3

4)?执行python?-V查看Python是否安装成功。
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?python3?-V
Python?3.5.3

自带的版本为：
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?python?-V??????????
Python?2.7.5

[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?which?python
/usr/bin/python
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?which?python3
/usr/bin/python3
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?python
Python?2.7.5?(default,?Nov??6?2016,?00:28:07)?
[GCC?4.8.5?20150623?(Red?Hat?4.8.5-11)]?on? Linux 2
Type?"help",?"copyright",?"credits"?or?"license"?for?more?information.
>>>?
[root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01?Python-3.5.3]#?python3
Python?3.5.3?(default,?Sep?27?2017,?19:38:56)?
[GCC?4.8.5?20150623?(Red?Hat?4.8.5-11)]?on? Linux 
Type?"help",?"copyright",?"credits"?or?"license"?for?more?information.
>>>?

也就是说，python指令表示的是2.7.5版本，python3指令表示的3.5.3版本。
开发项目里具体使用那个版本的python，就使用对应的全路径的python指令。

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