Mysql 物理备份Xtrabackup

Mysql 物理备份Xtrabackup

祖仙教小凡仙 海鲨数据库架构师

这是Percona公司出品的MYSQL物理备份工具,对大数据量的MYSQL挺不错的.以前Percona出品的叫Innobackupex工具,以前玩过次,感觉贼不好装,因为版本问题发生冲突. 官网下载 https://HdhCmsTestpercona测试数据/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-LATEST/# 有各种平台,各种版本的, 我选择 Linux 通用版,发现也有好多选项, 有500MB和20MB。 特烦！ 无论是500MB或者20MB版本都无法下载，因为国内没有镜像网站！ 后来朋友给了RPM版，我又从网上找到RPM下载地址

 
wget https://HdhCmsTestpercona测试数据/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-80.0.4/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

yum install -y percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

下载到哪里?

 
[root@localhost tool_install]# find / -name xtrabackup
/usr/bin/xtrabackup
/usr/lib64/xtrabackup 

看下有啥?

 
[root@localhost tool_install]# cd /usr/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ll *backup*
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root    15696 6月  10 2014 db_hotbackup
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root    36856 6月  10 2014 idevicebackup
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root    45200 6月  10 2014 idevicebackup2
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root    15408 6月  18 2014 ntdbbackup
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 51408904 12月  6 2018 xtrabackup 

从时间上看就一个XTRABACKUP命令 另外个目录就没啥

 
/usr/lib64/xtrabackup/plugin
[root@localhost plugin]# ll
总用量 304
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 149560 12月  6 2018 keyring_file.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 158504 12月  6 2018 keyring_vault.so 

那么我们启动MYSQL吧!

 
[root@localhost u01]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL....... SUCCESS!  

查看MYSQL目录

 
[root@localhost plugin]# ps -ef | grep mysqld
root     29538     1  0 22:05 pts/0    0 /bin/sh /u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/bin/mysqld_safe 
--datadir=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/data --pid-file=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/data/localhost.localdomain.pid
mysql    29861 29538  1 22:05 pts/0    00:00:05 /u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/bin/mysqld 
--basedir=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug --datadir=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/data 
--plugin-dir=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/lib/plugin --user=mysql 
--log-error=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/mysql-error.log 
--pid-file=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/data/localhost.localdomain.pid 
--socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306 

进入MYSQL目录看有啥?

 
[root@localhost ~]# cd /u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/
[root@localhost mysql8020debug]# 
[root@localhost mysql8020debug]# ll
总用量 1024
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql dba     4096 7月  10 2020 bin
drwxrwxr-x   7 mysql mysql   4096 1月  27 22:06 data
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql dba     4096 7月  10 2020 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 mysql dba     4096 7月  10 2020 include
drwxr-xr-x.  6 mysql dba     4096 7月  10 2020 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql dba   404604 3月  26 2020 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql dba   104198 3月  26 2020 LICENSE.router
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql dba   404604 3月  26 2020 LICENSE-test
-rwxrwxr-x   1 mysql mysql     28 7月  19 2020 log_mysqlc_by_root.sh
drwxr-xr-x.  4 mysql dba     4096 7月  10 2020 man
-rw-r--r--   1 mysql dba      689 12月 12 19:11 my.cnf
-rw-r-----.  1 mysql dba    55618 1月  27 22:06 mysql-error.log
-rwxr-xr-x   1 mysql dba      189 7月  19 2020 mysql_initdb.sh
drwxr-xr-x. 10 mysql dba     4096 7月  10 2020 mysql-test
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql dba      687 3月  26 2020 README
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql dba      700 3月  26 2020 README.router
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql dba      687 3月  26 2020 README-test
drwxrwxr-x.  2 mysql dba     4096 7月  10 2020 run
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql dba     4096 7月  10 2020 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql dba     4096 7月  11 2020 support-files
drwxr-xr-x.  3 mysql dba     4096 7月  10 2020 var 

创建备份目录

 
[root@localhost mysql8020debug]# mkdir backup 

完全备份数据库命令

 
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/my.cnf --user=root --password=123456 --backup --target-dir=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/backup
## --host= --port= 

基本参数说明

 
--defaults-file ##mysql配置文件

--user          ##执行备份的MYSQL用户 

--password=   ##对应用户的密码

--backup --target-dir ##这个命令组合才对 中间隔个空格 在帮助里是看不到组合的

--host=  ##默认是本地实例,指定的话一般是远程IP地址
--port=  ##默认端口3306,如果是别的自然要明确指出 

备份出错

 
xtrabackup: recognized server arguments: --datadir=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/data 
xtrabackup: recognized client arguments: --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --user=root --password=* --backup=1 --target-dir=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/backup 
xtrabackup version 8.0.4 based on MySQL server 8.0.13  Linux  (x86_64) (revision id: c2c0777)
210127 22:48:47  version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;port=3306;mysql_socket=/tmp/mysql.sock' as 'root'  (using password: YES).
Failed to connect to MySQL server: DBI connect(';mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;port=3306;mysql_socket=/tmp/mysql.sock','root',...) failed: Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded: /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/caching_sha2_password.so: 无法打开共享对象文件: 没有那个文件或目录 at - line 1535.
210127 22:48:48 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: 3306, socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Using server version 8.0.20-debug
xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
xtrabackup: cd to /u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/data
xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
Number of pools: 1
Unknown redo log format (4). Please follow the instructions at http://dev.mysql测试数据/doc/refman/8.0/en/ upgrading-downgrading.html. 

这里涉及两个错误 1个是密码验证, 另外一个是REDO 格式

第一个错误FIX:

 
mysql> select host,user,plugin from user;
+------+------------------+-----------------------+
| host | user             | plugin                |
+------+------------------+-----------------------+
| %    | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password |
| %    | mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password |
| %    | mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password |
| %    | root             | caching_sha2_password |
+------+------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select host,user,plugin from user;
+------+------------------+-----------------------+
| host | user             | plugin                |
+------+------------------+-----------------------+
| %    | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password |
| %    | mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password |
| %    | mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password |
| %    | root             | mysql_native_password |
+------+------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>  

第二个错误FIX: 原是，当前版本的 xtrabackup 不支持 MySQL 8.0.20 需要升级 xtrbackup 到8.0.13即可。

 
[root@localhost tool_install]# xtrabackup -?
xtrabackup version 8.0.4 based on MySQL server 8.0.13  Linux  (x86_64) (revision id: c2c0777)

[root@localhost tool_install]# rpm -qa | grep xtrabackup
percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.4-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost tool_install]# rpm -e  percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.4-1.el7.x86_64
wget https://HdhCmsTestpercona测试数据/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-80.14.1/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.14-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost tool_install]# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.14-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
警告：percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.14-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 8507efa5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.14-1.el################################# [100%] 

继续备份再遇错误:

 
210127 23:07:19 Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files
210127 23:07:19 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG BINARY LOGS
210127 23:07:19 Selecting LSN and binary log position from p_s.log_status
Error: failed to fetch query result 
SELECT server_uuid, local, replication, storage_engines FROM performance_schema.
log_status: Access denied; you need (at least one of) the BACKUP_ADMIN privilege(s) 
for this operation 

需要权限,简单给它就是!

 
mysql> grant BACKUP_ADMIN on *.* to 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 

再遇错误:

 
210127 23:10:31 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: 3306, socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
xtrabackup: Redo Log Archiving is not set up.
xtrabackup: Can't create/write to file '/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/backup/xtrabackup_logfile' (OS errno 17 - File exists)
xtrabackup: error: failed to open the target stream for 'xtrabackup_logfile'. 

大意是xtrabackup_logfile文件存在,好吧我们删除已经备份的文件.

 
[root@localhost ~]# cd /u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/backup/
[root@localhost backup]# ll
总用量 57364
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 1月  27 23:07 bookstore
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 1月  27 23:07 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 1月  27 23:07 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 root root 25165824 1月  27 23:07 mysql.ibd
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 1月  27 23:07 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 1月  27 23:07 sys
-rw-r----- 1 root root 10485760 1月  27 23:07 undo_001
-rw-r----- 1 root root 10485760 1月  27 23:07 undo_002
-rw-r----- 1 root root     2048 1月  27 23:07 xtrabackup_logfile 

删除后再备份,就成功了

 
210127 23:12:36 Backup created in directory '/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/backup/'
MySQL binlog position: filename 'binlog.000027', position '156'
210127 23:12:36 [00] Writing /u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/backup/backup-my.cnf
210127 23:12:36 [00]        ...done
210127 23:12:36 [00] Writing /u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/backup/xtrabackup_info
210127 23:12:36 [00]        ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (18216058) to (18216088) was copied.
210127 23:12:37 completed OK!

[root@localhost backup]# ll
总用量 57396
-rw-r----- 1 root root      475 1月  27 23:12 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 root root      156 1月  27 23:12 binlog.000027
-rw-r----- 1 root root       16 1月  27 23:12 binlog.index
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 1月  27 23:12 bookstore
-rw-r----- 1 root root     3578 1月  27 23:12 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 1月  27 23:12 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 1月  27 23:12 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 root root 25165824 1月  27 23:12 mysql.ibd
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 1月  27 23:12 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 1月  27 23:12 sys
-rw-r----- 1 root root 10485760 1月  27 23:12 undo_001
-rw-r----- 1 root root 10485760 1月  27 23:12 undo_002
-rw-r----- 1 root root       18 1月  27 23:12 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root       95 1月  27 23:12 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root      547 1月  27 23:12 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root     2560 1月  27 23:12 xtrabackup_logfile
-rw-r----- 1 root root       39 1月  27 23:12 xtrabackup_tablespaces 

查看几个备份的XTRABACKUP_*

 
[root@localhost backup]# cat xtrabackup_info 
uuid = 1674f412-60b2-11eb-966c-080027d6e4bc
name = 
tool_name = xtrabackup
tool_command = --defaults-file=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/my.cnf --user=root --password=... --backup --target-dir=/u01/mysql/mysql8020debug/backup
tool_version = 8.0.14
ibbackup_version = 8.0.14
server_version = 8.0.20-debug
start_time = 2021-01-27 23:12:31
end_time = 2021-01-27 23:12:36
lock_time = 2
binlog_pos = filename 'binlog.000027', position '156'
innodb_from_lsn = 0
innodb_to_lsn = 18216058
partial = N
incremental = N
format = file
compressed = N
encrypted = N

[root@localhost backup]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info 
binlog.000027    156

[root@localhost backup]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints 
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 18216058
last_lsn = 18216078
flushed_lsn = 0

[root@localhost backup]# cat xtrabackup_tablespaces 
{"version":3,"external_tablespaces":[]}[root@localhost backup]# 
 

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