第1章 线程池简介
1、线程的问题
线程执行完run发放自动被销毁了,且任务与线程绑定在了一起,所以当任务多的时候,会频繁的创建和销毁线程,这给我们CPU和内存带来了很大的开销。 线程一多了,无法实现统一管理。2、线程池的概念及作用
他是池化技术的一种应用 他实现了线程的重复利用 实现了对线程资源的管理控制3、常见线程池
newFixedThreadPool :该方法返回一个固定数量的线程池,线程数不变,当有一个任务提交时,若线程池中空闲,则立即执行,若没有,则会被暂缓在一个任务队列中,等待有空闲的线程去执行。 newSingleThreadExecutor: 创建一个线程的线程池,若空闲则执行,若没有空闲线程则暂缓在任务队列中。 newCachedThreadPool :返回一个可根据实际情况调整线程个数的线程池,不限制最大线程数量,若用空闲的线程则执行任务,若无任务则不创建线程。并且每一个空闲线程会在60秒后自动回收 newScheduledThreadPool: 创建一个可以指定线程的数量的线程池,但是这个线程池还带有延迟和周期性执行任务的功能,类似定时器。 newWorkStealingPool :适合使用在很耗时的操作,但是newWorkStealingPool不是ThreadPoolExecutor的扩展,它是新的线程池类ForkJoinPool的扩展,但是都是在统一的一个Executors类中实现,由于能够合理的使用CPU进行对任务操作(并行操作),所以适合使用在很耗时的任务中第2章 线程池原理分析
1、初始化
我们先看下初始化5个参数
public ThreadPoolExecutor ( int corePoolSize , int maximumPoolSize , long keepAliveTime , TimeUnit unit , BlockingQueue < Runnable > workQueue ) { this ( corePoolSize , maximumPoolSize , keepAliveTime , unit , workQueue , Executors . defaultThreadFactory (), defaultHandler ); } public ThreadPoolExecutor ( int corePoolSize , //主线程数 int maximumPoolSize , //最大线程数 long keepAliveTime , //线程存活时间 (除主线程外,其他的线程在没有任务执行的时候需要回收,多久后回收) TimeUnit unit , //存活时间的时间单位 BlockingQueue < Runnable > workQueue , //阻塞队列,我们需要执行的task都在该队列 ThreadFactory threadFactory , //生成thread的工厂 RejectedExecutionHandler handler ) { //拒绝饱和策略,当队列满了并且线程个数达到 maximunPoolSize 后采取的策略 if ( corePoolSize < 0 || maximumPoolSize <= 0 || maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize || keepAliveTime < 0 ) throw new IllegalArgumentException (); if ( workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null ) throw new NullPointerException (); this . acc = System . getSecurityManager () == null ? null : AccessController . getContext (); this . corePoolSize = corePoolSize ; this . maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize ; this . workQueue = workQueue ; this . keepAliveTime = unit . toNanos ( keepAliveTime ); this . threadFactory = threadFactory ; this . handler = handler ; }
2、execute方法
public void execute ( Runnable command ) { if ( command == null ) //如果要执行的任务是空的,异常 throw new NullPointerException (); /* * Proceed in 3 steps: * * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to * start a new thread with the given command as its first * task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false. * * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need * to double-check whether we should have added a thread * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none. * * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new * thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated * and so reject the task. */ int c = ctl . get (); //111000...000 //高三位代表线程池的状态,低29位代表线程池中的线程数量 //如果线程数小于主线程数,添加线程 if ( workerCountOf ( c ) < corePoolSize ) { if ( addWorker ( command , true )) return ; c = ctl . get (); } //如果超过主线程数,将任务添加至workqueue 阻塞队列 if ( isRunning ( c ) && workQueue . offer ( command )) { int recheck = ctl . get (); //再判断一次运行状态,如果线程池不处于running状态,则把刚加进队列的任务移除,如果移除成功则往下走进行拒绝 if ( ! isRunning ( recheck ) && remove ( command )) reject ( command ); //接着上一个条件,如果移除失败则判断是否有工作线程,如果当前线程池线程空,则添加一个线程 else if ( workerCountOf ( recheck ) == 0 ) addWorker ( null , false ); } //如果超过主线程数且添加阻塞队列失败,则增加非核心线程,如果添加非核心线程也失败,则拒绝 else if ( ! addWorker ( command , false )) reject ( command ); }
private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger ( ctlOf ( RUNNING , 0 )); //111000...000 private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer . SIZE - 3 ; //29 private static final int CAPACITY = ( 1 << COUNT_BITS ) - 1 ; //00011111 11111111 11111111 11111111 //00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 << 29 = //00100000 00000000 00000000 00000000 -1 = //00011111 11111111 11111111 11111111 // runState is stored in the high-order bits private static final int RUNNING = - 1 << COUNT_BITS ; //11100000 ... 000 //-1 原码: 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 //-1 反码: 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110 //-1 补码: 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 <<29= // 11100000 0000000 00000000 00000000 private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS ; //00000000 ... 000 private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS ; //001 0000 ... 000 private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS ; //010 0000 ... 000 private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS ; //011 0000 ... 000 1 、RUNNING ( 1 ) 状态说明:线程池处在RUNNING状态时,能够接收新任务,以及对已添加的任务进行处理。 ( 02 ) 状态切换:线程池的初始化状态是RUNNING。换句话说,线程池被一旦被创建,就处于RUNNING状态,并且线程池中的任务数为0! private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger ( ctlOf ( RUNNING , 0 )); 2 、 SHUTDOWN ( 1 ) 状态说明:线程池处在SHUTDOWN状态时,不接收新任务,但能处理已添加的任务。 ( 2 ) 状态切换:调用线程池的shutdown () 接口时,线程池由RUNNING -> SHUTDOWN。 3 、STOP ( 1 ) 状态说明:线程池处在STOP状态时,不接收新任务,不处理已添加的任务,并且会中断正在处理的任务。 ( 2 ) 状态切换:调用线程池的shutdownNow () 接口时,线程池由 ( RUNNING or SHUTDOWN ) -> STOP。 4 、TIDYING ( 1 ) 状态说明:当所有的任务已终止,ctl记录的]任务数量]为0,线程池会变为TIDYING状态。当线程池变为TIDYING状态时,会执行钩子函数terminated () 。terminated () 在ThreadPoolExecutor类中是空的,若用户想在线程池变为TIDYING时,进行相应的处理;可以通过重载terminated () 函数来实现。 ( 2 ) 状态切换:当线程池在SHUTDOWN状态下,阻塞队列为空并且线程池中执行的任务也为空时,就会由 SHUTDOWN -> TIDYING。 当线程池在STOP状态下,线程池中执行的任务为空时,就会由STOP -> TIDYING。 5 、 TERMINATED ( 1 ) 状态说明:线程池彻底终止,就变成TERMINATED状态。 ( 2 ) 状态切换:线程池处在TIDYING状态时,执行完terminated () 之后,就会由 TIDYING -> TERMINATED。 private static int runStateOf ( int c ){ return c & ~CAPACITY ; } private static int workerCountOf ( int c ){ return c & CAPACITY ; } //CAPACITY:000111...111 private static int ctlOf ( int rs , int wc ){ return rs | wc ; }
3、addWorker方法
private boolean addWorker ( Runnable firstTask , boolean core ){ retry : //goto语句 叫demo //自旋检查线程池的状态。阻塞队列是否为空等判断 for (;;) { int c = ctl . get (); int rs = runStateOf ( c ); // Check if queue empty only if necessary. if ( rs >= SHUTDOWN && ! ( rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null && ! workQueue . isEmpty ())) //如果线程池的运行状态是running的话直接跳过该条件语句往下走,如果是>=SHUTDOWN的话就往后判断(为什么不直接返回false不让他创建worker呢,因为在shutdown状态是可以创建线程去处理阻塞队列里的任务的) //此时因为rs>=SHTDOWN了,所以会先判断是否等于SHUTDOWN,如果不等于就直接返回false不让创建worker,如果等于的话接着往下判断 //如果当前任务不为空直接返回false不让创建worker,(这里为什么当前任务为空就直接不让创建worker呢,就是因为shutdown状态不能再接收新任务。 //如果当前任务为空则判断阻塞队列是否为空,如果为空则返回false,不让创建worker,如果不为空就不走这个条件,接着往下走 return false ; //自旋 for (;;) { int wc = workerCountOf ( c ); //如果现有线程数大于最大值,或者大于等于最大线程数(主线程数) if ( wc >= CAPACITY || wc >= ( core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize )) return false ; //cas添加线程 if ( compareAndIncrementWorkerCount ( c )) break retry ; c = ctl . get (); // Re-read ctl //如果失败了,继续外层循环判断 if ( runStateOf ( c ) != rs ) continue retry ; // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop } } boolean workerStarted = false ; boolean workerAdded = false ; Worker w = null ; try { //开启一个线程,Worker实现了runnable接口 w = new Worker ( firstTask ); final Thread t = w . thread ; if ( t != null ) { final ReentrantLock mainLock = this . mainLock ; mainLock . lock (); try { // Recheck while holding lock. // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if // shut down before lock acquired. int rs = runStateOf ( ctl . get ()); if ( rs < SHUTDOWN || ( rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null )) { if ( t . isAlive ()) // precheck that t is startable throw new IllegalThreadStateException (); //添加至wokers workers . add ( w ); int s = workers . size (); if ( s > largestPoolSize ) largestPoolSize = s ; workerAdded = true ; } } finally { mainLock . unlock (); } //添加成功 if ( workerAdded ) { t . start (); //启动线程,会调用我们线程的run接口,也就是我们worker的run workerStarted = true ; } } } finally { if ( ! workerStarted ) addWorkerFailed ( w ); } return workerStarted ; }
4、 goto语句demo
retry: for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { for (int j = 3; j < 10; j++) { // if (j == 4) { // break retry; //跳出外面循环 // } if (j == 7) { continue retry; //继续外面循环 } System.out.println(i+":"+j); } }
Worker ( Runnable firstTask ) { setState ( - 1 ); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker 禁止中断,直到runWorker this . firstTask = firstTask ; this . thread = getThreadFactory (). newThread ( this ); }
5、worker.run方法
final void runWorker ( Worker w ) { Thread wt = Thread . currentThread (); Runnable task = w . firstTask ; w . firstTask = null ; w . unlock (); // allow interrupts boolean completedAbruptly = true ; try { //只要一直能获取到task,就一直会执行,不会关闭,所以线程也不会销毁,线程销毁只有当task为null while ( task != null || ( task = getTask ()) != null ) { w . lock (); // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted; // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted. This // requires a recheck in second case to deal with // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt if (( runStateAtLeast ( ctl . get (), STOP ) || ( Thread . interrupted () && runStateAtLeast ( ctl . get (), STOP ))) && ! wt . isInterrupted ()) wt . interrupt (); try { //调用线程方法之前执行 beforeExecute ( wt , task ); Throwable thrown = null ; try { //调用task的run方法 task . run (); } catch ( RuntimeException x ) { thrown = x ; throw x ; } catch ( Error x ) { thrown = x ; throw x ; } catch ( Throwable x ) { thrown = x ; throw new Error ( x ); } finally { //调用线程方法之后执行 afterExecute ( task , thrown ); } } finally { task = null ; w . completedTasks ++ ; w . unlock (); } } completedAbruptly = false ; } finally { processWorkerExit ( w , completedAbruptly ); } }
6、getTask()方法
private Runnable getTask (){ boolean timedOut = false ; // Did the last poll() time out? //自旋获取 for (;;) { int c = ctl . get (); int rs = runStateOf ( c ); // Check if queue empty only if necessary. 必要时检查空,状态是否停止或者shutdown if ( rs >= SHUTDOWN && ( rs >= STOP || workQueue . isEmpty ())) { decrementWorkerCount (); return null ; } //获取线程数量 int wc = workerCountOf ( c ); // Are workers subject to culling? //线程数大于主线程数时,或者allowCoreThreadTimeOut参数为true allowCoreThreadTimeOut默认为false boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize ; //超过最大线程,或者timed为true ,&& wc大于1个,并且任务队列为空的时候 if (( wc > maximumPoolSize || ( timed && timedOut )) && ( wc > 1 || workQueue . isEmpty ())) { //线程数-1,并且返回null,该线程结束 if ( compareAndDecrementWorkerCount ( c )) return null ; continue ; } try { //如果time是true,超过时间不阻塞,不然一直阻塞,不回收 Runnable r = timed ? workQueue . poll ( keepAliveTime , TimeUnit . NANOSECONDS ) : //移除并返回队列头部的元素,如果为空,超过时间返回null workQueue . take (); //移除并返回队列头部的元素,如果为空,一直阻塞 if ( r != null ) return r ; timedOut = true ; } catch ( InterruptedException retry ) { timedOut = false ; } } }
原文地址:https://HdhCmsTesttoutiao测试数据/article/7159490126706573831/
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