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Java并发编程—线程池核心原理分析

第1章 线程池简介

1、线程的问题

线程执行完run发放自动被销毁了,且任务与线程绑定在了一起,所以当任务多的时候,会频繁的创建和销毁线程,这给我们CPU和内存带来了很大的开销。 线程一多了,无法实现统一管理。

2、线程池的概念及作用

他是池化技术的一种应用 他实现了线程的重复利用 实现了对线程资源的管理控制

3、常见线程池

newFixedThreadPool :该方法返回一个固定数量的线程池,线程数不变,当有一个任务提交时,若线程池中空闲,则立即执行,若没有,则会被暂缓在一个任务队列中,等待有空闲的线程去执行。 newSingleThreadExecutor: 创建一个线程的线程池,若空闲则执行,若没有空闲线程则暂缓在任务队列中。 newCachedThreadPool :返回一个可根据实际情况调整线程个数的线程池,不限制最大线程数量,若用空闲的线程则执行任务,若无任务则不创建线程。并且每一个空闲线程会在60秒后自动回收 newScheduledThreadPool: 创建一个可以指定线程的数量的线程池,但是这个线程池还带有延迟和周期性执行任务的功能,类似定时器。 newWorkStealingPool :适合使用在很耗时的操作,但是newWorkStealingPool不是ThreadPoolExecutor的扩展,它是新的线程池类ForkJoinPool的扩展,但是都是在统一的一个Executors类中实现,由于能够合理的使用CPU进行对任务操作(并行操作),所以适合使用在很耗时的任务中

第2章 线程池原理分析

1、初始化

我们先看下初始化5个参数

 public   ThreadPoolExecutor ( int   corePoolSize ,  int   maximumPoolSize ,  long   keepAliveTime ,  TimeUnit   unit ,  BlockingQueue  <  Runnable  >   workQueue ) {  this ( corePoolSize ,  maximumPoolSize ,  keepAliveTime ,  unit ,  workQueue ,  Executors . defaultThreadFactory (),  defaultHandler );
}  public   ThreadPoolExecutor ( int   corePoolSize ,  //主线程数   int   maximumPoolSize ,  //最大线程数   long   keepAliveTime ,  //线程存活时间   (除主线程外,其他的线程在没有任务执行的时候需要回收,多久后回收)   TimeUnit   unit ,  //存活时间的时间单位   BlockingQueue  <  Runnable  >   workQueue ,  //阻塞队列,我们需要执行的task都在该队列   ThreadFactory   threadFactory ,  //生成thread的工厂   RejectedExecutionHandler   handler ) {  //拒绝饱和策略,当队列满了并且线程个数达到 maximunPoolSize 后采取的策略   if  ( corePoolSize   <   0   ||   maximumPoolSize   <=   0   ||   maximumPoolSize   <   corePoolSize   ||   keepAliveTime   <   0 )  throw   new   IllegalArgumentException ();  if  ( workQueue   ==   null   ||   threadFactory   ==   null   ||   handler   ==   null )  throw   new   NullPointerException ();  this . acc   =   System . getSecurityManager ()  ==   null   ?   null  :  AccessController . getContext ();  this . corePoolSize   =   corePoolSize ;  this . maximumPoolSize   =   maximumPoolSize ;  this . workQueue   =   workQueue ;  this . keepAliveTime   =   unit . toNanos ( keepAliveTime );  this . threadFactory   =   threadFactory ;  this . handler   =   handler ;
    }

2、execute方法

 public   void   execute ( Runnable   command ) {  if  ( command   ==   null )  //如果要执行的任务是空的,异常   throw   new   NullPointerException ();  /*    * Proceed in 3 steps:    *    * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to    * start a new thread with the given command as its first    * task.  The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and    * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add    * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.    *    * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need    * to double-check whether we should have added a thread    * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that    * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we    * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if    * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.    *    * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new    * thread.  If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated    * and so reject the task.    */   int   c   =   ctl . get (); //111000...000   //高三位代表线程池的状态,低29位代表线程池中的线程数量   //如果线程数小于主线程数,添加线程   if  ( workerCountOf ( c )  <   corePoolSize ) {  if  ( addWorker ( command ,  true ))  return ;  c   =   ctl . get ();
    }  //如果超过主线程数,将任务添加至workqueue 阻塞队列   if  ( isRunning ( c )  &&   workQueue . offer ( command )) {  int   recheck   =   ctl . get ();  //再判断一次运行状态,如果线程池不处于running状态,则把刚加进队列的任务移除,如果移除成功则往下走进行拒绝   if  ( !   isRunning ( recheck )  &&   remove ( command ))  reject ( command );  //接着上一个条件,如果移除失败则判断是否有工作线程,如果当前线程池线程空,则添加一个线程   else   if  ( workerCountOf ( recheck )  ==   0 )  addWorker ( null ,  false );
    }  //如果超过主线程数且添加阻塞队列失败,则增加非核心线程,如果添加非核心线程也失败,则拒绝   else   if  ( !  addWorker ( command ,  false ))  reject ( command );
}
 private   final   AtomicInteger   ctl   =   new   AtomicInteger ( ctlOf ( RUNNING ,  0 )); //111000...000   private   static   final   int   COUNT_BITS   =   Integer . SIZE   -   3 ; //29   private   static   final   int   CAPACITY   =  ( 1   <<   COUNT_BITS )  -   1 ; //00011111 11111111 11111111 11111111   //00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001  << 29 =   //00100000 00000000 00000000 00000000 -1 =    //00011111 11111111 11111111 11111111   // runState is stored in the high-order bits   private   static   final   int   RUNNING   =   -  1   <<   COUNT_BITS ;  //11100000 ... 000   //-1 原码: 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000001   //-1 反码: 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110   //-1 补码: 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 <<29=   //        11100000 0000000 00000000 00000000   private   static   final   int   SHUTDOWN   =   0   <<   COUNT_BITS ; //00000000 ... 000   private   static   final   int   STOP   =   1   <<   COUNT_BITS ; //001 0000 ... 000   private   static   final   int   TIDYING   =   2   <<   COUNT_BITS ; //010 0000 ... 000   private   static   final   int   TERMINATED   =   3   <<   COUNT_BITS ; //011 0000 ... 000   1  、RUNNING  ( 1 )  状态说明:线程池处在RUNNING状态时,能够接收新任务,以及对已添加的任务进行处理。  ( 02 )  状态切换:线程池的初始化状态是RUNNING。换句话说,线程池被一旦被创建,就处于RUNNING状态,并且线程池中的任务数为0!   private   final   AtomicInteger   ctl   =   new   AtomicInteger ( ctlOf ( RUNNING ,  0 ));  2  、   SHUTDOWN  ( 1 )  状态说明:线程池处在SHUTDOWN状态时,不接收新任务,但能处理已添加的任务。  ( 2 )  状态切换:调用线程池的shutdown () 接口时,线程池由RUNNING   ->   SHUTDOWN。   3  、STOP  ( 1 )  状态说明:线程池处在STOP状态时,不接收新任务,不处理已添加的任务,并且会中断正在处理的任务。  ( 2 )  状态切换:调用线程池的shutdownNow () 接口时,线程池由 ( RUNNING   or   SHUTDOWN  )  ->   STOP。   4  、TIDYING  ( 1 )  状态说明:当所有的任务已终止,ctl记录的]任务数量]为0,线程池会变为TIDYING状态。当线程池变为TIDYING状态时,会执行钩子函数terminated () 。terminated () 在ThreadPoolExecutor类中是空的,若用户想在线程池变为TIDYING时,进行相应的处理;可以通过重载terminated () 函数来实现。  ( 2 )  状态切换:当线程池在SHUTDOWN状态下,阻塞队列为空并且线程池中执行的任务也为空时,就会由   SHUTDOWN   ->   TIDYING。   当线程池在STOP状态下,线程池中执行的任务为空时,就会由STOP   ->   TIDYING。   5  、   TERMINATED  ( 1 )  状态说明:线程池彻底终止,就变成TERMINATED状态。  ( 2 )  状态切换:线程池处在TIDYING状态时,执行完terminated () 之后,就会由   TIDYING   ->   TERMINATED。   private   static   int   runStateOf ( int   c ){  return   c   &   ~CAPACITY ; }  private   static   int   workerCountOf ( int   c ){  return   c   &   CAPACITY ; } //CAPACITY:000111...111   private   static   int   ctlOf ( int   rs ,  int   wc ){  return   rs   |   wc ; }

3、addWorker方法

 private   boolean   addWorker ( Runnable   firstTask ,  boolean   core ){  retry :  //goto语句  叫demo   //自旋检查线程池的状态。阻塞队列是否为空等判断   for  (;;) {  int   c   =   ctl . get ();  int   rs   =   runStateOf ( c );  // Check if queue empty only if necessary.   if  ( rs   >=   SHUTDOWN   &&   !  ( rs   ==   SHUTDOWN   &&   firstTask   ==   null   &&   !   workQueue . isEmpty ())) //如果线程池的运行状态是running的话直接跳过该条件语句往下走,如果是>=SHUTDOWN的话就往后判断(为什么不直接返回false不让他创建worker呢,因为在shutdown状态是可以创建线程去处理阻塞队列里的任务的)   //此时因为rs>=SHTDOWN了,所以会先判断是否等于SHUTDOWN,如果不等于就直接返回false不让创建worker,如果等于的话接着往下判断   //如果当前任务不为空直接返回false不让创建worker,(这里为什么当前任务为空就直接不让创建worker呢,就是因为shutdown状态不能再接收新任务。   //如果当前任务为空则判断阻塞队列是否为空,如果为空则返回false,不让创建worker,如果不为空就不走这个条件,接着往下走   return   false ;  //自旋   for  (;;) {  int   wc   =   workerCountOf ( c );  //如果现有线程数大于最大值,或者大于等于最大线程数(主线程数)   if  ( wc   >=   CAPACITY   ||   wc   >=  ( core   ?   corePoolSize  :  maximumPoolSize ))  return   false ;  //cas添加线程   if  ( compareAndIncrementWorkerCount ( c ))  break   retry ;  c   =   ctl . get ();  // Re-read ctl   //如果失败了,继续外层循环判断   if  ( runStateOf ( c )  !=   rs )  continue   retry ;  // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop  }
    }  boolean   workerStarted   =   false ;  boolean   workerAdded   =   false ;  Worker   w   =   null ;  try  {  //开启一个线程,Worker实现了runnable接口   w   =   new   Worker ( firstTask );  final   Thread   t   =   w . thread ;  if  ( t   !=   null ) {  final   ReentrantLock   mainLock   =   this . mainLock ;  mainLock . lock ();  try  {  // Recheck while holding lock.   // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if   // shut down before lock acquired.   int   rs   =   runStateOf ( ctl . get ());  if  ( rs   <   SHUTDOWN   ||  ( rs   ==   SHUTDOWN   &&   firstTask   ==   null )) {  if  ( t . isAlive ())  // precheck that t is startable   throw   new   IllegalThreadStateException ();  //添加至wokers   workers . add ( w );  int   s   =   workers . size ();  if  ( s   >   largestPoolSize )  largestPoolSize   =   s ;  workerAdded   =   true ;
                }
            }  finally  {  mainLock . unlock ();
            }  //添加成功   if  ( workerAdded ) {  t . start ();  //启动线程,会调用我们线程的run接口,也就是我们worker的run   workerStarted   =   true ;
            }
        }
    }  finally  {  if  ( !   workerStarted )  addWorkerFailed ( w );
    }  return   workerStarted ;
}

4、 goto语句demo

    retry:
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            for (int j = 3; j < 10; j++) {
//                if (j == 4) {
//                    break retry;  //跳出外面循环
//                }
                if (j == 7) {
                    continue retry;  //继续外面循环
                }
                System.out.println(i+":"+j);
            }
 
        }
 Worker ( Runnable   firstTask ) {  setState ( -  1 );  // inhibit interrupts until runWorker   禁止中断,直到runWorker   this . firstTask   =   firstTask ;  this . thread   =   getThreadFactory (). newThread ( this );
}

5、worker.run方法

 final   void   runWorker ( Worker   w ) {  Thread   wt   =   Thread . currentThread ();  Runnable   task   =   w . firstTask ;  w . firstTask   =   null ;  w . unlock ();  // allow interrupts    boolean   completedAbruptly   =   true ;  try  {  //只要一直能获取到task,就一直会执行,不会关闭,所以线程也不会销毁,线程销毁只有当task为null    while  ( task   !=   null   ||  ( task   =   getTask ())  !=   null ) {  w . lock ();  // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;    // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This    // requires a recheck in second case to deal with    // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt    if  (( runStateAtLeast ( ctl . get (),  STOP )  ||  ( Thread . interrupted ()  &&   runStateAtLeast ( ctl . get (),  STOP )))  &&   !  wt . isInterrupted ())  wt . interrupt ();  try  {  //调用线程方法之前执行    beforeExecute ( wt ,  task );  Throwable   thrown   =   null ;  try  {  //调用task的run方法    task . run ();                
                }  catch  ( RuntimeException   x ) {  thrown   =   x ;  throw   x ;                
                }  catch  ( Error   x ) {  thrown   =   x ;  throw   x ;                
                }  catch  ( Throwable   x ) {  thrown   =   x ;  throw   new   Error ( x );                
                }  finally  {  //调用线程方法之后执行    afterExecute ( task ,  thrown );                
                }            
            }  finally  {  task   =   null ;  w . completedTasks  ++ ;  w . unlock ();            
            }        
        }  completedAbruptly   =   false ;    
    }  finally  {  processWorkerExit ( w ,  completedAbruptly );    
    }
}

6、getTask()方法

 private   Runnable   getTask (){  boolean   timedOut   =   false ;  // Did the last poll() time out?    //自旋获取    for  (;;) {  int   c   =   ctl . get ();  int   rs   =   runStateOf ( c );  // Check if queue empty only if necessary. 必要时检查空,状态是否停止或者shutdown    if  ( rs   >=   SHUTDOWN   &&  ( rs   >=   STOP   ||   workQueue . isEmpty ())) {  decrementWorkerCount ();  return   null ;        
        }  //获取线程数量    int   wc   =   workerCountOf ( c );  // Are workers subject to culling?    //线程数大于主线程数时,或者allowCoreThreadTimeOut参数为true  allowCoreThreadTimeOut默认为false    boolean   timed   =   allowCoreThreadTimeOut   ||   wc   >   corePoolSize ;  //超过最大线程,或者timed为true ,&& wc大于1个,并且任务队列为空的时候    if  (( wc   >   maximumPoolSize   ||  ( timed   &&   timedOut ))  &&  ( wc   >   1   ||   workQueue . isEmpty ())) {  //线程数-1,并且返回null,该线程结束    if  ( compareAndDecrementWorkerCount ( c ))  return   null ;  continue ;        
        }  try  {  //如果time是true,超过时间不阻塞,不然一直阻塞,不回收    Runnable   r   =   timed   ?   workQueue . poll ( keepAliveTime ,  TimeUnit . NANOSECONDS ) :  //移除并返回队列头部的元素,如果为空,超过时间返回null    workQueue . take ();  //移除并返回队列头部的元素,如果为空,一直阻塞    if  ( r   !=   null )  return   r ;  timedOut   =   true ;        
        }  catch  ( InterruptedException   retry ) {  timedOut   =   false ;        
        }    
    }
}

原文地址:https://HdhCmsTesttoutiao测试数据/article/7159490126706573831/

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