第一课 基本概念 基本概念 Asp.Net Core Mvc是.NET Core平台下的一种Web应用开发框架 符合Web应用特点 .NET Core跨平台解决方案 MVC设计模式的一种实现 环境准备 安装最新版 Visual Studio 2017 安装最新版 .NET Core Sdk
第二课 控制器的介绍 控制器定义方式： 命名以Controller结尾 使用ControllerAttribute标注
public class TestController : Controller
{
}
[Controller]
public class Test : Controller
{
}
默认路由规则
域名/控制器类/方法 {Domain}/{Controller}/{Action}数据形式
QueryString: ?name=zhangsan&age=22 Form Cookie Session HeaderHttpRequest
HttpRequest 是用户请求对象 提供获取请求数据的属性 Cookies,Headers,Query,QueryString,Form public IActionResult Hello()
{
// Query
var name = Request.Query["name"];
// QueryString
var query = Request.QueryString.Value;
// Form
var username = Request.Form["username"];
// Cookies
var cookie = Request.Cookies["item"];
// Headers
var headers = Request.Headers["salt"];
return Content("Hello");
}
HttpContext HttpContext是用户请求上下文 提供Session属性获取Session对象 Session.Set 设置 Session.Remove 移除 Session.TryGetValue 获取数据
public IActionResult Hello()
{
// byte[]
HttpContext.Session.Set("byte", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 });
var bytes = HttpContext.Session.Get("byte");
// string
HttpContext.Session.SetString("name", "tom");
var name = HttpContext.Session.GetString("name");
// int
HttpContext.Session.SetInt32("id", 20);
var id = HttpContext.Session.GetInt32("id");
HttpContext.Session.Remove("name");
HttpContext.Session.Clear();
return Content("Hello");
}
数据绑定 把用户请求的数据绑定到控制器方法的参数上 支持简单类型与自定义类型 绑定规则是请求数据名称与参数名称一致 如查询字符串key名称跟参数一致 Form表单名称跟参数一致
public IActionResult Hello(RequestModel request,int? age)
{
// 查询字符串
var test = Request.Query["test"];
// 简单类型
var userAge = age;
// 自定义类型
var name = request.Name;
return Content("Hello");
}
public class RequestModel
{
public string Name { get; set; }
}
内容补充 如果以Controller结尾的都是控制器，那如果程序里面由一些业务命名的时候也是以Controller结尾，怎么办？ NonControllerAttribute
/// <summary>
/// 拍卖师控制类
/// </summary>
[NonController]
public class AuctionController
{
}
常用特性
特性 数据源 FromHeaderAttribute 请求头数据 FromRouteAttribute 路由数据 FromBodyAttribute 请求体 FromFormAttribute 表单数据 FromQueryAttribute 查询字符串 FromServicesAttribute 服务注册
public IActionResult Say(
[FromForm]string name,
[FromQuery]int age,
[FromHeader] string salt,
[FromBody] string content
)
{
return View();
}
特性参数
通过特性修饰参数来影响绑定逻辑 灵活扩展IActionResult
动作结果接口 具体实现 JsonResult：返回JSON结构数据 RedirectResult：跳转到新地址 FileResult：返回文件 ViewResult：返回视图内容 ContentResult：文本内容
第三课 视图与表单 数据传递 ViewData ViewBag tempData Model Session Cache ViewData ViewBag 键值对 动态类型 索引器 ViewData的封装 支持任意类型 动态属性 TempData Cache Session 视图级别 应用程序级别 会话级别 只允许消费一次 服务器端保存 服务器端保存 可多次赋值 可设置有效期 键值对形式 键值对形式 键值对形式 Cache 与.NET Framework时代不同，一种全新实现 IMemoryCache接口 依赖注入方式获取 IMemoryCache.Get/Set操作数据
[Controller]
public class Test : Controller
{
private readonly IMemoryCache _cache;
public Test(IMemoryCache memoryCache)
{
this._cache = memoryCache;
}
public IActionResult ReadCache()
{
_cache.Set("name","tom");
_cache.Get("name");
_cache.Set("age",30);
_cache.Get("age");
User tom = new User(){ Name = "admin",Pwd = "123456"};
_cache.Set<User>("user",tom);
_cache.Get<User>("user");
return Content("ok");
}
}
public class User
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Pwd { get; set; }
}
ViewStart 以_ViewStart.cshtml命名，固定名称，不能更换 一般放在视图所在目录的根目录下 自动执行，无需手工调用 不要再ViewStart中做大量的业务操作 ViewImport 以_ViewImport.cshtml命名，固定名称，不能更换 只作引入操作 一般放在视图所在目录的根目录下 自动执行，无需手工调用 视图中可以使用@using关键字引入所需命名空间 通过ViewImport做全局性的命名空间引入，减少在每个页面中引入的工作量
第四课 数据验证 数据验证特性ValidationAttribute
public abstract class ValidationAttribute : Attribute
{
/// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute"></see> class.</summary>
protected ValidationAttribute();
/// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute"></see> class by using the function that enables access to validation resources.</summary>
/// <param name="errorMessageAccessor">The function that enables access to validation resources.</param>
/// <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="errorMessageAccessor">errorMessageAccessor</paramref> is null.</exception>
protected ValidationAttribute(Func<string> errorMessageAccessor);
/// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute"></see> class by using the error message to associate with a validation control.</summary>
/// <param name="errorMessage">The error message to associate with a validation control.</param>
protected ValidationAttribute(string errorMessage);
/// <summary>Gets or sets an error message to associate with a validation control if validation fails.</summary>
/// <returns>The error message that is associated with the validation control.</returns>
public string ErrorMessage { get; set; }
/// <summary>Gets or sets the error message resource name to use in order to look up the <see cref="P:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute.ErrorMessageResourceType"></see> property value if validation fails.</summary>
/// <returns>The error message resource that is associated with a validation control.</returns>
public string ErrorMessageResourceName { get; set; }
/// <summary>Gets or sets the resource type to use for error-message lookup if validation fails.</summary>
/// <returns>The type of error message that is associated with a validation control.</returns>
public Type ErrorMessageResourceType { get; set; }
/// <summary>Gets the localized validation error message.</summary>
/// <returns>The localized validation error message.</returns>
protected string ErrorMessageString { get; }
/// <summary>Gets a value that indicates whether the attribute requires validation context.</summary>
/// <returns>true if the attribute requires validation context; otherwise, false.</returns>
public virtual bool RequiresValidationContext { get; }
/// <summary>Applies formatting to an error message, based on the data field where the error occurred.</summary>
/// <param name="name">The name to include in the formatted message.</param>
/// <returns>An instance of the formatted error message.</returns>
public virtual string FormatErrorMessage(string name);
/// <summary>Checks whether the specified value is valid with respect to the current validation attribute.</summary>
/// <param name="value">The value to validate.</param>
/// <param name="validationContext">The context information about the validation operation.</param>
/// <returns>An instance of the <see cref="System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationResult"></see> class.</returns>
public ValidationResult GetValidationResult(
object value,
ValidationContext validationContext);
/// <summary>Determines whether the specified value of the object is valid.</summary>
/// <param name="value">The value of the object to validate.</param>
/// <returns>true if the specified value is valid; otherwise, false.</returns>
public virtual bool IsValid(object value);
/// <summary>Validates the specified value with respect to the current validation attribute.</summary>
/// <param name="value">The value to validate.</param>
/// <param name="validationContext">The context information about the validation operation.</param>
/// <returns>An instance of the <see cref="System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationResult"></see> class.</returns>
protected virtual ValidationResult IsValid(
object value,
ValidationContext validationContext);
/// <summary>Validates the specified object.</summary>
/// <param name="value">The object to validate.</param>
/// <param name="validationContext">The <see cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationContext"></see> object that describes the context where the validation checks are performed. This parameter cannot be null.</param>
/// <exception cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationException">Validation failed.</exception>
public void Validate(object value, ValidationContext validationContext);
/// <summary>Validates the specified object.</summary>
/// <param name="value">The value of the object to validate.</param>
/// <param name="name">The name to include in the error message.</param>
/// <exception cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationException"><paramref name="value">value</paramref> is not valid.</exception>
public void Validate(object value, string name);
}
常用数据验证
RequiredAttribute RegularExpressionAttribute CompareAttribute RangeAttribute MaxAttribute MinAttribute StringLengthAttribute DataTypeAttribute服务器端使用
使用包含验证规则的类接收数据 使用ModelState.IsValid判断是否符合要求前端使用
定义强类型视图并传递包含验证规则的业务数据模型 使用HtmlHelper.ValidationFor初始前端验证规则 使用HtmlHelper.ValidationMessageFor生成提示文字 public class UserLogin
{
[Required(ErrorMessage = "用户名不能为空")]
[StringLength(10,ErrorMessage = "用户名长度不能超过10位")]
public string UserName { get; set; }
//[Required(ErrorMessage = "密码不能为空")]
[StringLength(6,ErrorMessage = "密码长度不能超过6位")]
public string Password { get; set; }
}
public class FormController : Controller
{
public IActionResult Index()
{
return View(new UserLogin());
}
public IActionResult PostData(UserLogin login)
{
return Content(ModelState.IsValid?"数据有效":"数据无效");
}
}
@model Lesson2.Models.UserLogin
@{
Layout = null;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<title>Index</title>
<script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="~/lib/jquery-validation/dist/jquery.validate.min.js"></script>
<script src="~/lib/jquery-validation-unobtrusive/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form asp-action="PostData" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名</td>
<td>@Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.UserName)</td>
<td>@Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.UserName)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码</td>
<td>@Html.PasswordFor(m => m.Password)</td>
<td>@Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.Password)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><input type="submit" value="登录" /></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
第五课 路由规则
路由
定义用户请求与控制器方法之前的映射关系路由配置
IRouteBuilder 通过MapRoute方法配置路由模板 app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
routes.MapRoute(
name: "default",
template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
routes.MapRoute(
name: "admin_default",
template: "admin/{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
});
RouteAttribute 应用在控制器及方法上 通过Template属性配置路由模板
[Route("admin/form")]
public class FormController : Controller
{
[Route("index")]
public IActionResult Index()
{
return View(new UserLogin());
}
public IActionResult PostData(UserLogin login)
{
return Content(ModelState.IsValid?"数据有效":"数据无效");
}
}
路由约束 对路由数据进行约束 只有约束满足条件才能匹配成功
约束 示例 说明 required "Product/{ProductName:required}" 参数必选 alpha "Product/{ProductName:alpha}" 匹配字母，大小写不限 int "Product/{ProductId:int}" 匹配int类型 ··· ··· ··· composite "Product/{ProductId:composite}" 匹配composite类型 length "Product/{ProductName:length(5)}" 长度必须是5个字符 length "Product/{ProductName:length(5)}" 长度在5-10之间 maxlength "Product/{ProductId:maxlength(10)}" 最大长度为10 minlength "Product/{ProductId:minlength(3)}" 最小长度为3 min "Product/{ProductId:min(3)}" 大于等于3 max "Product/{ProductId:max(10)}" 小于等于10 range "Product/{ProductId:range(5,10)}" 对应的数组在5-10之间 regex "Product/{ProductId:regex(^\d{4}$)}" 符合指定的正则表达式
路由数据 路由数据也是请求数据的一部分 路由数据与表单数据一样，也可以绑定到参数上 默认是通过名称进行匹配，也可以通过 FormRouteAttribute 匹配参数与路由数据的映射关系
public IActionResult Index([FromRoute] int? id)
{
return View();
}
第六课 应用发布与部署 发布 发布方法 使用Visual Studio发布应用：项目右键 -> 发布 -> 发布方式选择... 使用dotnet publish命令行工具发布：dotnet publish --configuration Release --runtime win7-x64 --output c:\svc 视图预编译 少了运行时编译过程，启动速度快 预编译后，整个程序包更小 可以通过MvcRazorCompileOnPublish配置是否开启，默认是开启状态 关闭视图预编译： 打开项目的.csproj文件 配置MvcRazorCompileOnPublish为false
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>
<!-- 关闭视图预编译 -->
<MvcRazorCompileOnPublish>false</MvcRazorCompileOnPublish>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Design" Version="2.1.2" PrivateAssets="All" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design" Version="2.1.1" />
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
部署 IIS 部署 目标机器安装对应版本的 .NET Core Sdk 安装 .NET Core Windows Server 托管程序 应用程序池的[.NET CLR版本]设置为[无托管代码] 自宿主发布 发布成一个exe直接运行 不用依赖IIS RuntimeIdentifier .NET Core RID Catalog
<!-- 依赖框架的部署 (FDD) -->
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<RuntimeIdentifier>win7-x64</RuntimeIdentifier>
<SelfContained>false</SelfContained>
<IsTransformWebConfigDisabled>true</IsTransformWebConfigDisabled>
</PropertyGroup>
<!-- 独立部署 (SCD) -->
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<RuntimeIdentifier>win7-x64</RuntimeIdentifier>
<IsTransformWebConfigDisabled>true</IsTransformWebConfigDisabled>
</PropertyGroup>
...
...
...
源码地址 DncLesson
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