提到Java发送HTTP请求，大家首先想到的是用apache的HttpClient，或者squareup的OkHttp。而在Java11之前，原生Java对此的支持还是比较差的，虽然可以HttpURLConnection、URLConnection、Socket等自带的类发送请求，但是操作比较复杂。直到Java11发布，Java本身也自带了HttpClient。自2020年初，我就在开发中广泛使用了这一新特性，感觉使用体验也还可以。现总结成博客，供大家参考。
1.信任证书管理类
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package cn.wja测试数据ponent; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager { @Override public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) { }
@Override public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) { }
@Override public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return null ; }
public static TrustManager[] getTrustManagers() { TrustManager[] trustAllCertificates = { new MyX509TrustManager()}; return trustAllCertificates; } } |
2.HttpClient类
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package cn.wja测试数据ponent; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLParameters; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import java.net.http.HttpClient; import java.security.KeyManagementException; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.SecureRandom; import java.time.Duration;
public class MyHttpClient { static public HttpClient getClient() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException { TrustManager[] trustManagers = MyX509TrustManager.getTrustManagers(); var timeoutInSeconds = 60 ; SSLParameters sslParams = new SSLParameters(); sslParams.setEndpointIdentificationAlgorithm( "" ); SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance( "SSL" ); //取消主机名验证 System.setProperty( "jdk.internal.httpclient.disableHostnameVerification" , "true" ); sc.init( null , trustManagers, new SecureRandom()); return HttpClient.newBuilder() .connectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(timeoutInSeconds * 1000 )) .sslContext(sc) .sslParameters(sslParams) .followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.NEVER) .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2) .build(); } } |
3.发送请求工具类
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package cn.wja.util;
import cn.wja测试数据ponent.MyHttpClient; import java.net.URI; import java.net.http.HttpClient; import java.net.http.HttpRequest; import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
public class HttpUtils {
public static HttpResponse<String> sendGet(String urlStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { HashMap<String, String> hashMap = new HashMap<>(); hashMap.put( "Cookie" ,cookieStr); return sendGet(urlStr,hashMap); }
public static HttpResponse<String> sendGet(String urlStr, Map<String,String> headers) throws KeyManagementException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException, InterruptedException { HttpClient client = MyHttpClient.getClient(); HttpRequest.Builder reqBuilder = getReqBuilder(urlStr); reqBuilder.GET(); for (String key:headers.keySet()){ reqBuilder.header(key, headers.get(key)); } HttpRequest request = reqBuilder.build(); HttpResponse<String> result = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString(UTF_8)); return result; }
private static HttpResponse<String> sendPost(String contentType, String urlStr, String bodyStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { HttpClient client = MyHttpClient.getClient(); HttpRequest.Builder reqBuilder = getReqBuilder(urlStr); HttpRequest.BodyPublisher bodyPublisher = HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString(bodyStr); reqBuilder.header( "Content-Type" , contentType) .POST(bodyPublisher) .header( "Cookie" , cookieStr); HttpRequest request = reqBuilder.build(); HttpResponse<String> result = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString(UTF_8)); return result; }
public static HttpResponse<String> sendFormPost(String urlStr, String formStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { return sendPost( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8" , urlStr, formStr, cookieStr); }
public static HttpResponse<String> sendJsonPost(String urlStr, String jsonStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { return sendPost( "application/json;charset=utf-8" , urlStr, jsonStr, cookieStr); }
public static HttpRequest.Builder getReqBuilder(String urlStr) { return HttpRequest.newBuilder() .uri(URI.create(urlStr)) .header( "User-Agent" , "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:96.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/96.0" ); } } |
4.测试
测试表明，通过调用工具类方法，可以直接发送GET请求和带Form表单/Json的POST请求。如果您要发送其他形式的HTTP请求，也可以参照上述代码自行实现。
原文链接：https://tomcat.blog.csdn.net/article/details/123157836
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