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解决@Autowired注入空指针问题(利用Bean的生命周期)

今天做项目的时候遇到一个问题,需要将线程池的参数抽取到yml文件里进行设置。这不是so easy吗?

我就写出了下面这样的代码进行抽取

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import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**

  * @author BestQiang

  */

@Component

@ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "thread-pool" )

public class ThreadPool {

     private int corePoolSize;

     private int maximumPoolSize;

     private long keepAliveTime;

     private int capacity;

     public int getCorePoolSize() {

         return corePoolSize;

     }

     public void setCorePoolSize( int corePoolSize) {

         this .corePoolSize = corePoolSize;

     }

     public int getMaximumPoolSize() {

         return maximumPoolSize;

     }

     public void setMaximumPoolSize( int maximumPoolSize) {

         this .maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;

     }

     public long getKeepAliveTime() {

         return keepAliveTime;

     }

     public void setKeepAliveTime( long keepAliveTime) {

         this .keepAliveTime = keepAliveTime;

     }

     public int getCapacity() {

         return capacity;

     }

     public void setCapacity( int capacity) {

         this .capacity = capacity;

     }

}

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package cn.bestqiang.util;

import cn.bestqiang.pojo.ThreadPool;

import com.google测试数据mon.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;

import java.util.concurrent.*;

/**

  * @author Yaqiang Chen

  */

@Component

public class MyThreadUtils {

     @Autowired

     ThreadPool threadPool1;

     private ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(

                 threadPool1.getCorePoolSize(),

                 threadPool1.getMaximumPoolSize(),

                 threadPool1.getKeepAliveTime(),

                 TimeUnit.SECONDS,

                 new LinkedBlockingDeque<Runnable>(threadPool1.getCapacity()),

                 namedThreadFactory,

                 new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy()

         );;

     private ThreadFactory namedThreadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder()

             .setNameFormat( "pool-%d" ).build();

     public void execute(Runnable runnable){

         threadPool.submit(runnable);

     }

}

在yml文件的配置如下:

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thread-pool:

   core-pool-size: 5

   maximum-pool-size: 20

   keep-alive-time: 1

   capacity: 1024

本想应该毫无问题,但是,报错了:

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'myThreadUtils' defined in fileXXXXXXXXXX(省略)Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [cn.itcast.util.MyThreadUtils]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerExceptionCaused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: null

空指针异常?检查好几遍配置没错。因为公司开发环境没法上网,只好拖到下班google了一下,结合我比较深厚的基础(自恋一下),

问题轻松解决

这就是答案。上面说所有的Spring的@Autowired注解都在构造函数之后,而如果一个对象像下面代码一样声明(private XXX = new XXX() 直接在类中声明)的话,成员变量是在构造函数之前进行初始化的,甚至可以作为构造函数的参数。

即 成员变量初始化 -> Constructor -> @Autowired

所以,在这个时候如果成员变量初始化时调用了利用@Autowired注解初始化的对象时,必然会报空指针异常的啊。

真相大白了。如果解决呢?那就让上面我写的代码的成员变量threadPool在@Autowired之后执行就好了。

要想解决这个问题,首先要知道@Autowired的原理:

AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 这个类

其实看到这个继承结构,我心中已经有解决办法了。具体详细为什么,等997的工作结束(无奈)我会在后续博客里将Spring的注解配置详细的捋一遍,到时候会讲到Bean的生命周期的。

继承的BeanFactoryAware是在属性赋值完成,执行构造方法后,postProcessBeforeInitialization才执行,而且,是在其他生命周期之前,而@Autowired注解就是依靠这个原理进行的自动注入。想要解决这个问题很简单,就是把要赋值的成员变量放到其他生命周期中就可以。

下面介绍其中两种办法

第一种JSR250的@PostConstruct

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@PostConstruct

public void init() {

     // 这里放要执行的赋值

}

第二种是Spring的InitializingBean(定义初始化逻辑) 

继承接口实现方法即可,这种直接放上完整用法

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/**

  * @author Yaqiang Chen

  */

@Component

public class MyThreadUtils implements InitializingBean {

     @Autowired

     ThreadPool threadPool1;

     private ExecutorService threadPool;

     private ThreadFactory namedThreadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder()

             .setNameFormat( "pool-%d" ).build();

     public void execute(Runnable runnable){

         threadPool.submit(runnable);

     }

     @Override

     public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {

         threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(

                 threadPool1.getCorePoolSize(),

                 threadPool1.getMaximumPoolSize(),

                 threadPool1.getKeepAliveTime(),

                 TimeUnit.SECONDS,

                 new LinkedBlockingDeque<Runnable>(threadPool1.getCapacity()),

                 namedThreadFactory,

                 new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy()

         );

     }

}

设置完成后,问题解决!

原文链接:https://bestqiang.blog.csdn.net/article/details/101041269

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