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学习SpringBoot容器功能及注解原理

1.组件添加

1.1@Configuration

@Configuration:告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类

配置类里面使用 @Bean 标注在方法上给容器注册组件,默认也是单实例的

配置类本身也是组件

proxyBeanMethods :代理bean的方法

Full( proxyBeanMethods = true ):保证每个@Bean方法被调用多少次返回的组件都是单实例的 Lite( proxyBeanMethods = false ):每个@Bean方法被调用多少次返回的组件都是新创建的 组件依赖必须使用Full模式默认。其他默认是否Lite模式

最佳实战:

1.配置类组件之间无依赖关系用Lite模式加速容器启动过程,减少判断

2.配置类组件之间有依赖关系,方法会被调用得到之前单实例组件,用Full模式

代码实战演示:

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@Configuration (proxyBeanMethods = false ) //告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类=配置文件

public class MyConfig {

 

     @Bean //给容器中添加组件。以方法名作为组件的id。返回类型就是组件类型。返回的值,就是组件在容器中的实例

     public User user01() {

         User zhangsan = new User( "zhangsan" , 18 );

         return zhangsan;

     }

 

     @Bean ( "tom" ) //也可以自己设置id代替方法名作为id

     public Pet tomcatPet() {

         return new Pet( "tomcat" );

     }

 

}

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@SpringBootApplication

public class Boot01HelloworldApplication {

 

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(Boot01HelloworldApplication. class , args);

         MyConfig bean = run.getBean(MyConfig. class );

         System.out.println(bean); //com.atguigu.boot.config.MyConfig@d67d8

         //如果@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true)代理对象调用方法。SpringBoot总会检查这个组件是否在容器中有。

         //保持组件单实例

         User user = bean.user01();

         User user1 = bean.user01();

         //(proxyBeanMethods = true)返回true

         //(proxyBeanMethods = false)返回false

         System.out.println(user == user1);

     }

 

}

如果有组件依赖:

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@Configuration (proxyBeanMethods = true ) //告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类=配置文件

public class MyConfig {

 

     @Bean //给容器中添加组件。以方法名作为组件的id。返回类型就是组件类型。返回的值,就是组件在容器中的实例

     public User user01() {

         User zhangsan = new User( "zhangsan" , 18 );

         //user组件依赖了Pet组件

         zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet());

         return zhangsan;

     }

     @Bean ( "tom" ) //也可以自己设置id代替方法名作为id

     public Pet tomcatPet() {

         return new Pet( "tomcat" );

     }

 

}

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@SpringBootApplication

public class Boot01HelloworldApplication {

 

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(Boot01HelloworldApplication. class , args);

         MyConfig bean = run.getBean(MyConfig. class );

         System.out.println(bean);

         User user01 = run.getBean( "user01" , User. class );

         Pet tom = run.getBean( "tom" , Pet. class );

         //(proxyBeanMethods = true)返回(用户的宠物:true)

         //(proxyBeanMethods = false)返回(用户的宠物:false)

         System.out.println( "用户的宠物:" +(user01.getPet() == tom));

     }

 

}

1.2@Import

@Import:给容器中导入组件

代码演示:

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//给容器中自动无参构造创建出这两个类型的组件、默认组件的名字就是全类名

@Import ({User. class , DBHelper. class })

@Configuration (proxyBeanMethods = false ) //告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类 == 配置文件

public class MyConfig {

}

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@SpringBootApplication

public class Boot01HelloworldApplication {

 

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(Boot01HelloworldApplication. class , args);

         //获取组件

         String[] beanNamesForType = run.getBeanNamesForType(User. class );

         for (String s : beanNamesForType) {

             System.out.println(s);

         }

         DBHelper bean = run.getBean(DBHelper. class );

         System.out.println(bean);

     }

}

//输出:
com.atguigu.boot.bean.User
ch.qos.logback.core.db.DBHelper@16ef799

1.3@Conditional

@Conditional:条件装配,满足 Conditional 指定的条件,则进行组件注入

有一系列派生注解:

2.原生配置文件引入

2.1@ImportResource

原生xml文件:

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>

< beans xmlns = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans"

        xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

        xmlns:context = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/context"

        xsi:schemaLocation = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/context <a href=" https://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">" rel="external nofollow">https://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

</ a >    < bean id = "haha" class = "com.atguigu.boot.bean.User" >

         < property name = "name" value = "zhangsan" ></ property >

         < property name = "age" value = "18" ></ property >

     </ bean >

     < bean id = "hehe" class = "com.atguigu.boot.bean.Pet" >

         < property name = "name" value = "tomcat" ></ property >

     </ bean >

</ beans >

自定义配置类:

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@Configuration (proxyBeanMethods = true ) //告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类=配置文件

@ImportResource ( "classpath:beans.xml" )

public class MyConfig {

}

测试:

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@SpringBootApplication

public class Boot01HelloworldApplication {

 

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(Boot01HelloworldApplication. class , args);

 

         boolean haha = run.containsBean( "haha" );

         boolean hehe = run.containsBean( "hehe" );

         System.out.println(haha); //true

         System.out.println(hehe); //true

     }

}

3.配置绑定

如何使用Java读取到properties文件中的内容,并且把它封装到JavaBean中,以供随时使用;

原生方法(配置文件复杂就显得麻烦):

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public class getProperties {

      public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {

          Properties pps = new Properties();

          pps.load( new FileInputStream( "a.properties" ));

          Enumeration enum1 = pps.propertyNames(); //得到配置文件的名字

          while (enum1.hasMoreElements()) {

              String strKey = (String) enum1.nextElement();

              String strValue = pps.getProperty(strKey);

              System.out.println(strKey + "=" + strValue);

              //封装到JavaBean。

          }

      }

  }

3.1@ConfigurationProperties

配置文件:

mycar.brand=BYD
mycar.price=100000

创建一个car类:

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//只有在容器中的组件,才会拥有SpringBoot提供的强大功能

@Component

@ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "mycar" )

//Lombok注解简化开发

@Data

@NoArgsConstructor

@ToString

@AllArgsConstructor

public class Car {

     private String brand;

     private Integer price;

}

测试方法:

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@RestController

public class HelloController {

     @Autowired

     Car car;

     @RequestMapping ( "/car" )

     public Car car(){

         return car;

     }

}

测试结果:

3.2@EnableConfigurationProperties + @ConfigurationProperties

@EnableConfigurationProperties 必须在配置类里写:

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@Configuration (proxyBeanMethods = true ) //告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类=配置文件

@EnableConfigurationProperties (Car. class )

//1.开启Car属性配置绑定功能

//2.把Car这个组件自动注册到容器中

public class MyConfig {

}

该写法就不用在写 @Component

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@ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "mycar" )

@Data

@NoArgsConstructor

@ToString

@AllArgsConstructor

public class Car {

     private String brand;

     private Integer price;

}

以上就是学习SpringBoot容器功能及注解原理的详细内容,更多关于SpringBoot容器功能及注解的资料请关注其它相关文章!

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45966440/article/details/120412878

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