背景:类的对象只有有限个,确定的。举例如下:
> 星期: Monday (星期一)、….、 Sunday (星期天)
> 性别: Man (男)、 Woman (女)
> 季节: Spring (春节).…….. Winter (冬天)
> 支付方式: Cash (现金)、 WeChatPay (微信)、 Alipay (支付宝) BankCard (银
行卡)、 CreditCard (信用卡)
> 就职状态: Busy 、 Free 、 Vocation 、 Dimission
> 订单状态: Nonpayment (未付款)、 Paid (已付款)、 Fulfilled (已配货)、
Delivered (已发货)、 Return 退货》 Checked 已确认)
> 线程状态:创建、就绪、运行、阻塞、死立
一、枚举类的使用
1.枚举类的理解:类的对象只有有限个,确定的。我们称此类为枚举类
2.当需要定义一组常量时,强烈建议使用枚举类
3.如果枚举类中只有一个对象,则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。
二、如何定义枚举类
方式一:JDK5.0之前,自定义枚举类
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public class SeasonTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Season spring = Season.SPRING; System.out.println(spring); } } class Season { //1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰 private final String seasonName; private final String seasonDesc; //2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值 private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) { this .seasonName = seasonName; this .seasonDesc = seasonDesc; } //3.提供当前枚举类的对各对象:public static final的 public static final Season SPRING = new Season( "春天" , "春暖花开" ); public static final Season SUMMER = new Season( "夏天" , "夏日炎炎" ); public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season( "秋天" , "秋高气爽" ); public static final Season WINTER = new Season( "冬天" , "冰天雪地" ); //4.其他诉求1: 获取枚举类对象的属性 public String getSeasonName() { return seasonName; } public String getSeasonDesc() { return seasonDesc; } //4.其他诉求2:提供toString() @Override public String toString() { return "Season{" + "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\ '' + ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\ '' + '}' ; } } |
方式二:JDK5.0之后,可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类
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public class SeasonTest1 { public static void main(String[] args) { Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER; System.out.println(summer); System.out.println(Season1. class .getSuperclass()); //java.lang.Enum //values(): Season1[] values = Season1.values(); for ( int i = 0 ; i < values.length; i++) { System.out.println(values[i]); } //valueOf(String objName):返回枚举类中对象时objName的对象。 Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf( "WINTER" ); //如果没有objName的枚举类对象,则抛异常:IllegalArgumentException // Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER1"); System.out.println(winter); // winter.show(); } //使用enum关键字定义枚举类 enum Season1 { //1.提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象";"结束 SPRING( "春天" , "春暖花开" ), SUMMER( "夏天" , "夏日炎炎" ), AUTUMN( "秋天" , "秋高气爽" ), WINTER( "冬天" , "冰天雪地" ); //1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰 private final String seasonName; private final String seasonDesc;
//2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值 private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) { this .seasonName = seasonName; this .seasonDesc = seasonDesc; } //4.其他诉求1: 获取枚举类对象的属性 public String getSeasonName() { return seasonName; } public String getSeasonDesc() { return seasonDesc; } |
使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况
情况一:实现接口,在enum类中实现抽象方法
情况二:让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法
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public class SeasonTest1 { public static void main(String[] args) { //values(): Season1[] values = Season1.values(); for ( int i = 0 ; i < values.length; i++) { System.out.println(values[i]); values[i].show(); } } interface Info { void show(); } enum Season1 implements Info { SPRING( "春天" , "春暖花开" ) { @Override public void show() { System.out.println( "春天在哪里" ); } }, SUMMER( "夏天" , "夏日炎炎" ) { @Override public void show() { System.out.println( "宁夏" ); } }, AUTUMN( "秋天" , "秋高气爽" ) { @Override public void show() { System.out.println( "秋天不回来" ); } }, WINTER( "冬天" , "冰天雪地" ) { @Override public void show() { System.out.println( "大约在冬季" ); } }; private final String seasonName; private final String seasonDesc; private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) { this .seasonName = seasonName; this .seasonDesc = seasonDesc; } public String getSeasonName() { return seasonName; } public String getSeasonDesc() { return seasonDesc; } } |
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_49329785/article/details/119656504