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详解Spring中使用@within与@target的区别

项目里用到@within时,出现了一些问题,使用@target就可以解决,但又会出现一些新的问题,因此本文探讨了在spring中,使用@within和@target的一些区别。

背景

项目里有一个动态切换数据源的功能,我们是用切面来实现的,是基于注解来实现的,但是父类的方法是可以切换数据源的,如果有一个类直接继承这个类,调用这个子类时,这个子类是不能够切换数据源的,除非这个子类重写父类的方法。

模拟项目例子

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注解定义:

@Target ({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})

@Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

@Inherited

@Documented

public @interface MyAnnotation {

     String value() default "me" ;

}

 

切面定义:

@Order (- 1 )

@Aspect

@Component

public class MyAspect {

     @Before ( "@within(myAnnotation)" )

     public void switchDataSource(JoinPoint point, MyAnnotation myAnnotation) {

         System.out.println( "before, myAnnotation.value : " + myAnnotation.value());

     }

}

 

父类Bean:

@MyAnnotation ( "father" )

public class Father {

     public void hello() {

         System.out.println( "father.hello()" );

     }

     public void hello2() {

         System.out.println( "father.hello2()" );

     }

}

 

子类Bean:

@MyAnnotation ( "son" )

public class Son extends Father {

     @Override

     public void hello() {

         System.out.println( "son.hello()" );

     }

}

 

配置类:

@Configuration

@EnableAspectJAutoProxy (exposeProxy = true )

public class Config {

 

     @Bean

     public Father father() {

         return new Father();

     }

 

     @Bean

     public Son son() {

         return new Son();

     }

}

 

测试类:

public class Main {

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Config. class ,

                 MyAspect. class );

         Father father = context.getBean( "father" , Father. class );

         father.hello();

         father.hello2();

         Son son = context.getBean(Son. class );

         son.hello();

         son.hello2();

     }

}

我们定义了一个 @Before 通知,方法参数有 point, myAnnotation ,方法里输出了 myAnnotation.value 的值

下面是输出结果:

before, myAnnotation.value : father
father.hello()
before, myAnnotation.value : father
father.hello2()
before, myAnnotation.value : son
son.hello()
before, myAnnotation.value : father
father.hello2()

从上面的输出结果看出: Son 类重写了 hello 方法, myAnnotation.value 的输出的值是 son , hello2 方法没有重写, myAnnotation.value 的输出的值是 father

根据需求,我们肯定希望调用 Son 类的所有方法时,都希望 myAnnotation.value 的输出的值是 son ,因此就需要重写父类的所有 public 方法

那有没有办法不重写这些方法也能达到相同的效果呢,答案是可以的。

看看使用 @within 和 @target 的区别

我们分别在父类和子类上加上注解和去掉注解,一起来看看对应的结果

@within

父类无注解,子类有注解:

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father.hello()

father.hello2()

before, myAnnotation.value : son

son.hello()

father.hello2()

父类有注解,子类无注解:

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before, myAnnotation.value : father

father.hello()

before, myAnnotation.value : father

father.hello2()

before, myAnnotation.value : father

son.hello()

before, myAnnotation.value : father

father.hello2()

父类有注解,子类有注解(其实就是上面那个例子的结果):

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before, myAnnotation.value : father

father.hello()

before, myAnnotation.value : father

father.hello2()

before, myAnnotation.value : son

son.hello()

before, myAnnotation.value : father

father.hello2()

@target

把切面代码改成如下:

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@Order (- 1 )

@Aspect

@Component

public class MyAspect {

     @Before ( "@target(myAnnotation)" )

     public void switchDataSource(JoinPoint point, MyAnnotation myAnnotation) {

         System.out.println( "before, myAnnotation.value : " + myAnnotation.value());

     }

}

我们再一起来看看测试结果:

父类无注解,子类有注解:

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father.hello()

father.hello2()

before, myAnnotation.value : son

son.hello()

before, myAnnotation.value : son

father.hello2()

父类有注解,子类无注解:

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before, myAnnotation.value : father

father.hello()

before, myAnnotation.value : father

father.hello2()

son.hello()

father.hello2()

父类有注解,子类有注解

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before, myAnnotation.value : father

father.hello()

before, myAnnotation.value : father

father.hello2()

before, myAnnotation.value : son

son.hello()

before, myAnnotation.value : son

father.hello2()

我们从上面总结出一套规律:
@within : @Before 通知方法的 myAnnotation 参数指的是调用方法所在的类上面的注解,就是这个方法是在哪个类上定义的
@target : @Before 通知方法的 myAnnotation 参数指的是调用方法运行时所属于的类上面的注解

我们最后总结一下,如果父类和子类上都标有注解, @within 和 @target 的所得到实际注解的区别

 


@within @target
父类方法 父类注解 父类注解
子类不重写方法 父类注解 子类注解
子类重写方法 子类注解 子类注解

 

@target 看起来跟合理一点

从上面的分析可以看出,其实用@target更符合我们想要的结果,在某个类上面加一个注解,拦截的时候就会获取这个类上面的注解,跟父类完全没有关系了

但这个时候会遇到一个问题,就是不相关的类都会生从代理类,

例子如下:

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public class NormalBean {

     public void hello() {

     }

}

 

@Configuration

@EnableAspectJAutoProxy (exposeProxy = true )

public class Config {

 

     @Bean

     public Father father() {

         return new Father();

     }

 

     @Bean

     public Son son() {

         return new Son();

     }

 

     @Bean

     public NormalBean normalBean() {

         return new NormalBean();

     }

}

 

 

public class Main {

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Config. class ,

                 MyAspect. class );

         Father father = context.getBean( "father" , Father. class );

         father.hello();

         father.hello2();

         Son son = context.getBean(Son. class );

         son.hello();

         son.hello2();

 

         NormalBean normalBean = context.getBean(NormalBean. class );

         System.out.println(normalBean.getClass());

     }

}

输出:

class cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.NormalBean$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$eebc2a39

可以看出NormalBean自己什么都没做,但却被代理了

我们再把@target换成@within:

class cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.NormalBean

可以看出使用@within时,不相关的类没有被代理

我们一起来看看为什么

在AbstractAutoProxyCreator类中的wrapIfNecessary方法打断点,看看什么情况:

@within

@target

我们从上面的图片就可以理解为什么@target会生成代理类

我们再深入看一下:
@within会走到如下:

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public class ExactAnnotationTypePattern extends AnnotationTypePattern {

     @Override

     public FuzzyBoolean matches(AnnotatedElement annotated, ResolvedType[] parameterAnnotations) {

             // ......

         }

}

我没深入研究,大致意思就是只要这个类或者这个类的祖先们带有这个注解,即匹配成功

@target会走到如下:

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public class ThisOrTargetAnnotationPointcut extends NameBindingPointcut {

     @Override

     protected FuzzyBoolean matchInternal(Shadow shadow) {

         if (!couldMatch(shadow)) {

             return FuzzyBoolean.NO;

         }

         ResolvedType toMatchAgainst = (isThis ? shadow.getThisType() : shadow.getTargetType()).resolve(shadow.getIWorld());

         annotationTypePattern.resolve(shadow.getIWorld());

         if (annotationTypePattern.matchesRuntimeType(toMatchAgainst).alwaysTrue()) {

             return FuzzyBoolean.YES;

         } else {

             // a subtype may match at runtime

             return FuzzyBoolean.MAYBE;

         }

     }

}

 

public class AspectJExpressionPointcut extends AbstractExpressionPointcut

         implements ClassFilter, IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher, BeanFactoryAware {

     @Override

     public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass, boolean hasIntroductions) {

         obtainPointcutExpression();

         ShadowMatch shadowMatch = getTargetShadowMatch(method, targetClass);

 

         // Special handling for this, target, @this, @target, @annotation

         // in Spring - we can optimize since we know we have exactly this class,

         // and there will never be matching subclass at runtime.

         if (shadowMatch.alwaysMatches()) {

             return true ;

         }

         else if (shadowMatch.neverMatches()) {

             return false ;

         }

         else {

             // the maybe case

             if (hasIntroductions) {

                 return true ;

             }

             // A match test returned maybe - if there are any subtype sensitive variables

             // involved in the test (this, target, at_this, at_target, at_annotation) then

             // we say this is not a match as in Spring there will never be a different

             // runtime subtype.

             RuntimeTestWalker walker = getRuntimeTestWalker(shadowMatch);

             return (!walker.testsSubtypeSensitiveVars() || walker.testTargetInstanceOfResidue(targetClass)); // 这里会返回true

         }

     }

}

我没深入研究,大致意思是匹配的话就返回YES,否则就返回MAYBE,匹配逻辑是和@within一样的

因此所有不相关的类都会是一个MAYBE的结果,这个结果会让不相关的类最后生成代理类

通知方法中注解参数的值为什么是不一样的

经过调试,最终是在这里获取的:

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public final class ReflectionVar extends Var {

     static final int THIS_VAR = 0 ;

     static final int TARGET_VAR = 1 ;

     static final int ARGS_VAR = 2 ;

     static final int AT_THIS_VAR = 3 ;

     static final int AT_TARGET_VAR = 4 ;

     static final int AT_ARGS_VAR = 5 ;

     static final int AT_WITHIN_VAR = 6 ;

     static final int AT_WITHINCODE_VAR = 7 ;

     static final int AT_ANNOTATION_VAR = 8 ;

 

     public Object getBindingAtJoinPoint(

             Object thisObject,

             Object targetObject,

             Object[] args,

             Member subject,

             Member withinCode,

             Class withinType) {

         switch ( this .varType) {

         case THIS_VAR: return thisObject;

         case TARGET_VAR: return targetObject;

         case ARGS_VAR:

             if ( this .argsIndex > (args.length - 1 )) return null ;

             return args[argsIndex];

         case AT_THIS_VAR:

             if (annotationFinder != null ) {

                 return annotationFinder.getAnnotation(getType(), thisObject);

             } else return null ;

         case AT_TARGET_VAR:

             if (annotationFinder != null ) {

                 return annotationFinder.getAnnotation(getType(), targetObject);

             } else return null ;

         case AT_ARGS_VAR:

             if ( this .argsIndex > (args.length - 1 )) return null ;

             if (annotationFinder != null ) {

                 return annotationFinder.getAnnotation(getType(), args[argsIndex]);

             } else return null ;

         case AT_WITHIN_VAR:

             if (annotationFinder != null ) {

                 return annotationFinder.getAnnotationFromClass(getType(), withinType);

             } else return null ;

         case AT_WITHINCODE_VAR:

             if (annotationFinder != null ) {

                 return annotationFinder.getAnnotationFromMember(getType(), withinCode);

             } else return null ;

         case AT_ANNOTATION_VAR:

             if (annotationFinder != null ) {

                 return annotationFinder.getAnnotationFromMember(getType(), subject);

             } else return null ;

         }  

         return null ;

     }

}

@within:

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case AT_WITHIN_VAR:

     if (annotationFinder != null ) {

         return annotationFinder.getAnnotationFromClass(getType(), withinType);

     } else return null ;

withinType追踪到如下:

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public class PointcutExpressionImpl implements PointcutExpression {

     private ShadowMatch matchesExecution(Member aMember) {

         Shadow s = ReflectionShadow.makeExecutionShadow(world, aMember, this .matchContext);

         ShadowMatchImpl sm = getShadowMatch(s);

         sm.setSubject(aMember);

         sm.setWithinCode( null );

         sm.setWithinType(aMember.getDeclaringClass()); // 这里设置withinType

         return sm;

     }

}

 

public abstract class AopUtils {

     public static boolean canApply(Pointcut pc, Class<?> targetClass, boolean hasIntroductions) {

         Assert.notNull(pc, "Pointcut must not be null" );

         if (!pc.getClassFilter().matches(targetClass)) {

             return false ;

         }

 

         MethodMatcher methodMatcher = pc.getMethodMatcher();

         if (methodMatcher == MethodMatcher.TRUE) {

             // No need to iterate the methods if we're matching any method anyway...

             return true ;

         }

 

         IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher introductionAwareMethodMatcher = null ;

         if (methodMatcher instanceof IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) {

             introductionAwareMethodMatcher = (IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) methodMatcher;

         }

 

         Set<Class<?>> classes = new LinkedHashSet<>();

         if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) {

             classes.add(ClassUtils.getUserClass(targetClass));

         }

         classes.addAll(ClassUtils.getAllInterfacesForClassAsSet(targetClass));

 

         for (Class<?> clazz : classes) {

             Method[] methods = ReflectionUtils.getAllDeclaredMethods(clazz);

             for (Method method : methods) { // 这里获取所有method

                 if (introductionAwareMethodMatcher != null ?

                         introductionAwareMethodMatcher.matches(method, targetClass, hasIntroductions) :

                         methodMatcher.matches(method, targetClass)) {

                     return true ;

                 }

             }

         }

 

         return false ;

     }

}

@target:

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case AT_TARGET_VAR:

     if (annotationFinder != null ) {

         return annotationFinder.getAnnotation(getType(), targetObject);

     } else return null ;

targetObject 追踪到如下:

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public abstract class AbstractAutoProxyCreator extends ProxyProcessorSupport

         implements SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor, BeanFactoryAware {

 

     protected Object wrapIfNecessary(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey) {

         if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this .targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) {

             return bean;

         }

         if (Boolean.FALSE.equals( this .advisedBeans.get(cacheKey))) {

             return bean;

         }

         if (isInfrastructureClass(bean.getClass()) || shouldSkip(bean.getClass(), beanName)) {

             this .advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);

             return bean;

         }

 

         // Create proxy if we have advice.

         Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, null );

         if (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) {

             this .advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE);

             Object proxy = createProxy(

                     bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, new SingletonTargetSource(bean)); // 这里,targetObject就是生成的bean

             this .proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());

             return proxy;

         }

 

         this .advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);

         return bean;

     }

 

     public SingletonTargetSource(Object target) {

         Assert.notNull(target, "Target object must not be null" );

         this .target = target;

     }

}

想用@within,但又想得到想要的注解

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@Order (- 1 )

@Aspect

@Component

public class MyAspect {

     @Before ( "@within(myAnnotation)" )

     public void switchDataSource(JoinPoint point, MyAnnotation myAnnotation) {

         System.out.println(point.getTarget() + " " + point + " " + myAnnotation.value() + " " +

                 point.getTarget().getClass().getAnnotation(MyAnnotation. class ).value());

     }

}

很简单,从JoinPoint中得到target,然后从这个类上得到对应的注解即可

此时,父类和子类都加有注解,一起来看看输出结果:

cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Father@194fad1 execution(void cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Father.hello()) father father
cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Father@194fad1 execution(void cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Father.hello2()) father father
cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Son@14fc5f04 execution(void cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Son.hello()) son son
cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Son@14fc5f04 execution(void cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Father.hello2()) father son

能力有限,只能先探讨这么多了,不懂的或者有其他见解的,欢迎一起讨论呀~

到此这篇关于Spring中使用@within与@target的一些区别的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Spring中使用@within与@target内容请搜索以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持!

原文链接:https://HdhCmsTestcnblogs测试数据/eaglelihh/p/15201208.html

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