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spring boot RestTemplate 发送get请求的踩坑及解决

spring boot RestTemplate 发送get请求踩坑

闲话少说,代码说话

RestTemplate 实例

手动实例化,这个我基本不用

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RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

依赖注入,通常情况下我使用 java.net 包下的类构建的 SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory

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@Configuration

public class RestConfiguration {

     @Bean

     @ConditionalOnMissingBean ({RestOperations. class , RestTemplate. class })

     public RestOperations restOperations() {

         SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();

         requestFactory.setReadTimeout( 5000 );

         requestFactory.setConnectTimeout( 5000 );

         RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(requestFactory);

         // 使用 utf-8 编码集的 conver 替换默认的 conver(默认的 string conver 的编码集为 "ISO-8859-1")

         List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();

         Iterator<HttpMessageConverter<?>> iterator = messageConverters.iterator();

         while (iterator.hasNext()) {

             HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = iterator.next();

             if (converter instanceof StringHttpMessageConverter) {

                 iterator.remove();

             }

         }

         messageConverters.add( new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName( "UTF-8" )));

         return restTemplate;

     }

}

请求地址

get 请求 url 为

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http: //localhost:8080/test/sendSms?phone=手机号&msg=短信内容

错误使用

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@Autowired

private RestOperations restOperations;

public void test() throws Exception{

     String url = "http://localhost:8080/test/sendSms" ;

     Map<String, Object> uriVariables = new HashMap<String, Object>();

     uriVariables.put( "phone" , "151xxxxxxxx" );

     uriVariables.put( "msg" , "测试短信内容" );

     String result = restOperations.getForObject(url, String. class , uriVariables);

}

服务器接收的时候你会发现,接收的该请求时没有参数的

正确使用

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@Autowired

private RestOperations restOperations;

public void test() throws Exception{

     String url = "http://localhost:8080/test/sendSms?phone={phone}&msg={phone}" ;

     Map<String, Object> uriVariables = new HashMap<String, Object>();

     uriVariables.put( "phone" , "151xxxxxxxx" );

     uriVariables.put( "msg" , "测试短信内容" );

     String result = restOperations.getForObject(url, String. class , uriVariables);

}

等价于

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@Autowired

private RestOperations restOperations;

public void test() throws Exception{

     String url = "http://localhost:8080/test/sendSms?phone={phone}&msg={phone}" ;

     String result = restOperations.getForObject(url, String. class ,  "151xxxxxxxx" , "测试短信内容" );

}

springboot restTemplate访问get,post请求的各种方式

springboot中封装好了访问外部请求的方法类,那就是RestTemplate。下面就简单介绍一下,RestTemplate访问外部请求的方法。

get请求

首先get请求的参数是拼接在url后面的。所以不需要额外添加参数。但是也需要分两种情况。

1、 有请求头

由于 getForEntity() 和 getForObject() 都无法加入请求头。所以需要请求头的连接只能使用 exchange() 来访问。代码如下

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public JSONObject test(){

         try {

             RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate();

             HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

             String url = "http://test.api测试数据?id=123" ;

             headers.set( "Content-Type" , "application/json" );

             HttpEntity<JSONObject> jsonObject= re.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, new HttpEntity<>(headers),JSONObject. class );

             log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject.getBody());

             return jsonObject.getBody();

         } catch (Exception e){

             log.error(e.getMessage());

         }

         return null ;

     }

2、 无请求头

无需请求头的可以用三个方法实现。getForEntity() 和 getForObject() 还有 exchange() 都可以实现。下面讲前两种用的比较多的。

getForEntity()

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public JSONObject test(){

         try {

             RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate();

             String url = "http://api.help.bj.cn/apis/alarm/?id=101020100" ;

             HttpEntity<JSONObject> jsonObject= re.getForEntity(url,JSONObject. class );

             log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject.getBody());

             return jsonObject.getBody();

         } catch (Exception e){

             log.error(e.getMessage());

         }

         return null ;

     }

getForObject()

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public JSONObject test(){

         try {

             RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate();

             String url = "http://api.help.bj.cn/apis/alarm/?id=101020100" ;

             JSONObject jsonObject= re.getForObject(url,JSONObject. class );

             log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject);

             return jsonObject;

         } catch (Exception e){

             log.error(e.getMessage());

         }

         return null ;

     }

post请求

post请求也分几种情况

1、参数在body的form-data里面

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public static JSONObject test(){

         try {

             RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate();

             String url = "http://localhost:8101/test" ;

             HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

             headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);

             MultiValueMap<String, Object> loginJson = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();

             loginJson.add( "id" , "123" );

             JSONObject jsonObject= re.postForObject(url, new HttpEntity<>(loginJson,headers),JSONObject. class );

             log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject);

             return jsonObject;

         } catch (Exception e){

             log.error(e.getMessage());

         }

         return null ;

     }

还可以把 postForObject 换成 postForEntity

2、参数在body的x-www-from-urlencodeed里面

只需要把请求头的setContentType改成下面即可

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headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);

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public static JSONObject test(){

         try {

             RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate();

             String url = "http://localhost:8101/test" ;

             HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

             headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);

             MultiValueMap<String, Object> loginJson = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();

             loginJson.add( "id" , "123" );

             JSONObject jsonObject= re.postForObject(url, new HttpEntity<>(loginJson,headers),JSONObject. class );

             log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject);

             return jsonObject;

         } catch (Exception e){

             log.error(e.getMessage());

         }

         return null ;

     }

3、参数在body的raw里面

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public static JSONObject test(){

        try {

            RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate();

            String url = "http://localhost:8101/test" ;

            HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

            headers.set( "Content-Type" , "application/json" );

            JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();

            jsonObject.put( "id" , "1" );

            JSONObject jsonObject1 = restTemplate

                    .postForObject(url, new HttpEntity<>(jsonObject,headers),JSONObject. class );

            log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject1);

            return jsonObject;

        } catch (Exception e){

            log.error(e.getMessage());

        }

        return null ;

    }

以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持。

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/MitKey/article/details/53956520

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