好得很程序员自学网

<tfoot draggable='sEl'></tfoot>

Spring(二):Spring通过IOC来创建对象

一、IOC如何获取对象

1.1 Spring是如何获取对象的?

①新建一个maven项目后导入webmvc的依赖:因为webmvc包含了很多其他依赖,为了省事,干脆导入一个总的,方便省事!版本嘛!个人比较喜欢用最新版。


	 
		 
			 <dependency>  
		 
			 <groupId>  org.springframework  </groupId>  
		 
			 <artifactId>  spring-webmvc  </artifactId>  
		 
			 <version>  5.3.5  </version>  
		 
			 </dependency>  
	 

②新建实体测试类:


	 
		 
			 public     class     Person     {  
		 
			 private     String   name  ;  
		 
			 private     int   age  ;  
		 
			 pri   编程客栈   vate   String   like   编程客栈   ;  
		 
			 private     String   high  ;  
		 
			 //get、set、tostring方法为了篇幅省略,可以自己加或者使用lombok  
		 
			 }  
	 

③在resources目录下新建 ContextAplication.xml 文件


	 
		 
			 <?  xml version  =  "1.0"   encoding  =  "UTF-8"  ?>  
		 
			 <beans     xmlns  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans"  
		 
			 xmlns:xsi  =  "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
		 
			 xsi:schemaLocation  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"  >  
		 
			 <bean     id  =  "Person"     class  =  "entity.Person"  >  
		 
			 <property     name  =  "age"     value  =  "23"  ></property>  
		 
			 <property     name  =  "name"     value  =  "丁大大"  ></property>  
		 
			 <property     name  =  "like"     value  =  "钓鱼"  ></property>  
		 
			 <property     name  =  "high"     value  =  "173"  ></property>  
		 
			 </bean>  
		 
			 </beans>  
	 

④以上前提之后,你会发现你的测试Person类种发生了变化:点击可以跳转到指定的xml位置哦~

⑤测试:

Context.getBean() 不指定类时,需要强制转换,所以建议使用第二种方式来获取对象


	 
		 
			 public     class     Test     {  
		 
			 public     static     void   main  (  String  []   args  )     {  
		 
			 ApplicationContext     Context     =     new     ClassPathXmlApplicationContext  (  "ContextAplication.xml"  );  
		 
			 // Person person = (Person) Context.getBean("Person");//这里不指定的话需要强转,建议用下面的方式来拿对象  
		 
			 Person   person   =     Context  .  getBean  (  "Person"  ,  Person  .  class  );  
		 
			 System  .  out  .  println  (  person  );  
		 
			 }  
		 
			 }  
		 
			    
	 

⑥执行结果如下:成功拿到值!

⑦总结:

控制 : 传统的程序对象的创建是由程序来控制创建的。 反转 : 交给Spring容器来创建对象,而程序只负责被动的接收对象。这就是反转。 依赖注入 : 就是通过set方法来注入的。

 

1.2 改造案例由xml选择创建对象

①xml:


	 
		 
			 <bean     id  =  "StudentMapperImpl"     class  =  "mapper.impl.StudentMapperImpl"  />  
		 
			 <bean     id  =  "TeacherMapperImpl"     class  =  "mapper.impl.TeacherMapperImpl"  />  
		 
			 <bean     id  =  "PersonServiceImpl"     class  =  "service.impl.PersonServiceImpl"  >  
		 
			 <property     name  =  "studentMapper"     ref  =  "StudentMapperImpl"  />  
		 
			 </bean>  
	 

②测试:


	 
		 
			 ApplicationContext     Context1     =     new     ClassPathXmlApplicationContext  (  "ContextAplication.xml"  );  
		 
			 PersonServiceImpl   personServiceImpl   =     Con   www  .  cppcns  .  com   text1  .  getBean  (  "PersonServiceImpl"  ,     PersonServiceImpl  .  class  );  
		 
			 personServiceImpl  .  getPersonInfo  ();  
	 

③执行结果:

⑤总结:

对象由Spring 来创建 , 管理 , 装配 !这就是 IOC!

 

二、IOC是通过什么方式来创建对象的?

 

2.1 通过无参构造函数来创建对象

①以Person类为例子,但是加上一个无参构造函数!


	 
		 
			 public     class     Person     {  
		 
			 private     String   name  ;  
		 
			 private     int   age  ;  
		 
			 private     String   like  ;  
		 
			 private     String   high  ;  
		 
			 public     Person  ()     {  
		 
			 //输出一句话证明自己被调用了!  
		 
			 System  .  out  .  println  (  "我是Person类的无参构造函数!我被调用了!!!!"  );  
		 
			 }  
		 
			 //set、get、tostring方法因为篇幅原因省略,请手动加上!  
		 
			 }  
	 

②xml中配置:


	 
		 
			 <?  xml version  =  "1.0"   encoding  =  "UTF-8"  ?>  
		 
			 <beans     xmlns  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans"  
		 
			 xmlns:xsi  =  "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
		 
			 xsi:schemaLocation  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"  >  
		 
			 <bean     id  =  "Person"     class  =  "entity.Person"  >  
		 
			 <property     name  =  "age"     value  =  "23"  ></property>  
		 
			 <property     name  =  "name"     value  =  "丁大大"  ></property>  
		 
			 <property     name  =  "like"     value  =  "钓鱼"  ></property>  
		 
			 <property     name  =  "high"     value  =  "173"  ></property>  
		 
			 </bean>  
		 
			 </beans>  
		 
			    
	 

③测试类:


	 
		 
			 public     class     Test     {  
		 
			 public     static     void   main  (  String  []   args  )     {  
		 
			 ApplicationContext     Context     =     new     ClassPathXmlApplicationContext  (  "ContextAplication.xml"  );  
		 
			 Person   person   =     Context  .  getBean  (  "Person"  ,     Person  .  class  );  
		 
			 System  .  out  .  println  (  person  );  
		 
			 }  
		 
			 }  
		 
			    
	 

④执行结果:

⑤去除无参构造,增加有参构造:

xml配置程序直接报错:

⑥总结:

Spring创建对象默认是通过无参构造函数创建的!能通过有参构造函数来创建对象嘛?能!看下面!

 

2.2 通过有参构造方法来创建对象

①前提于 2.1 一致,新增有参构造函数:(因为类中,默认的也就是不写构造参数就是无参构造,写了有参构造才能真正意义上去除无参构造,这个不用解释太多吧,java基础的内容了~!)


	 
		 
			 public     Person  (  String   name  ,     int   age  ,     String   like  ,     String   high  )     {  
		 
			 this  .  name   =   name  ;  
		 
			 this  .  age   =   age  ;  
		 
			 this  .  like   =   like  ;  
		 
			 this  .  high   =   high  ;  
		 
			 }  
		 
			    
	 

②xml配置文件中要发生一定的改变:


	 
		 
			 <?  xml version  =  "1.0"   encoding  =  "UTF-8"  ?>  
		 
			 <beans     xmlns  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans"  
		 
			 xmlns:xsi  =  "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
		 
			 xsi:schemaLocation  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"  >  
		 
			 <bean     id  =  "Person"     class  =  "entity.Person"  >  
		 
			 <!-- <property name="name" value="丁大大"></property>-->  
		 
			 <!-- <property name="age" value="23"></property>-->  
		 
			 <!-- <property name="like" value="钓鱼"></property>-->  
		 
			 <!-- <property name="high" value="173"></property>-->  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     index  =  "0"     value  =  "丁大大"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     name  =  "age"     value  =  "23"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "钓鱼"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "173"  />  
		 
			 </bean>  
		 
			 </beans>  
		 
			    
	 

③执行结果:

⑤总结:

无参构造函数指定值时使用 propert 标签 有参构造函数指定值时使用 constructor-arg 标签,三种写法 index --通过下标来给属性赋值 name --通过属性名称来给属性赋值 type -- 指定属性的类型来给属性赋值 基本类型可以直接写 引用类型得加上全称,如:java.lang.String 位置跟index差不多,依次从上到下对应属性的从上到下。 在配置文件加载的时候。其中管理的对象都已经初始化了!

 

三、Spring的配置

 

3.1 alias(别名):

为bean设置别名,可设置多个!

①xml:


	 
		 
			 <?  xml version  =  "1.0"   encoding  =  "UTF-8"  ?>  
		 
			 <beans     xmlns  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans"  
		 
			 xmlns:xsi  =  "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
		 
			 xsi:schemaLocation  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"  >  
		 
			 <alias     name  =  "Person"     alias  =  "personAlias1"  />  
		 
			 <alias     name  =  "Person"     alias  =  "personAlias2"  />  
		 
			 <alias     name  =  "Person"     alias  =  "personAlias3"  />  
		 
			 <bean     id  =  "Person"     class  =  "entity.Person"  >  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     index  =  "0"     value  =  "丁大大"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     name  =  "age"     value  =  "23"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "钓鱼"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "173"  />  
		 
			 </bean>  
		 
			 </beans>  
		 
			    
	 

②测试类:


	 
		 
			 public     class     Test     {  
		 
			 public     static     void   main  (  String  []   args  )     {  
		 
			 ApplicationContext     Context     =     new     ClassPathXmlApplicationContext  (  "ContextAplication.xml"  );  
		 
			 Person   person   =     Context  .  getBean  (  "personAlias1"  ,     Person  .  class  );  
		 
			 System  .  out  .  println  (  person  );  
		 
			 }  
		 
			 }  
		 
			    
	 

③执行结果:

④总结:讲实话,这玩意用处不大,因为还有更好的方式来设置别名!

 

3.2 Bean的配置:

bean就相当于java对象,由Spring创建和管理

①xml:


	 
		 
			 <?  xml version  =  "1.0"   encoding  =  "UTF-8"  ?>  
		 
			 <beans     xmlns  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans"  
		 
			 xmlns:xsi  =  "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
		 
			 xsi:schemaLocation  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"  >  
		 
			 <alias     name  =  "Person"     alias  =  "personAlias1"  />  
		 
			 <alias     name  =  "Person"     alias  =  "personAlias2"  />  
		 
			 <alias     name  =  "Person"     alias  =  "personAlias3"  />  
		 
			 <bean     id  =  "Person"     name  =  "person1,person2 person3;person4"     class  =  "entity.Person"  >  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     index  =  "0"     value  =  "丁大大"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     name  =  "age"     value  =  "23"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "钓鱼"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "173"  />  
		 
			 </bean>  
		 
			 </beans>  
		 
			    
	 

②测试类:


	 
		 
			 public     class     Test     {  
		 
			 public     static     void   main  (  String  []   args  )     {  
		 
			 ApplicationContext     Context     =     new     ClassPathXmlApplicationCo   casWbN   ntext  (  "ContextAplication.xml"  );  
		 
			 Person   person   =     Context  .  getBean  (  "person4"  ,     Person  .  class  );  
		 
			 System  .  out  .  println  (  person  );  
		 
			 }  
		 
			 }  
		 
			    
	 

③执行结果:

④总结:

id是bean的唯一标识符 如果没有配置id,那么name相当于标识符,并且可以设置多个 name也是别名,可多个,并且可以通过 逗号 空格 分号 来分隔,是不是比alias别名方便?所以设置别名我们一般使用name id和name同时存在,name只是别名,不是标识符 class是类的全限定名 包名+类名

 

3.3 import(团队合作之导入)

①在实际工作的开发过程中,一个项目可能由多个程序员来进行开发,所以为了解决共性问题,比如:同一文件提交时都进行了修改可能引起冲突,所以我们使用import来解耦!

②新建多个xml配置文件:

ContextAplication.xml:


	 
		 
			 <?  xml version  =  "1.0"   encoding  =  "UTF-8"  ?>  
		 
			 <beans     xmlns  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans"  
		 
			 xmlns:xsi  =  "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
		 
			 xsi:schemaLocation  =  "http://HdhCmsTestsprin   编程客栈   gframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"  >  
		 
			 <import     resource  =  "dyj1.xml"  />  
		 
			 <import     resource  =  "dyj3.xml"  />  
		 
			 <import     resource  =  "dyj2.xml"  />  
		 
			 </beans>  
		 
			    
	 

dyj1.xml:


	 
		 
			 <?  xml version  =  "1.0"   encoding  =  "UTF-8"  ?>  
		 
			 <beans     xmlns  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans"  
		 
			 xmlns:xsi  =  "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
		 
			 xsi:schemaLocation  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"  >  
		 
			 <bean     name  =  "person1,person2 person3;person4"     class  =  "entity.Person"  >  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     index  =  "0"     value  =  "丁大大1"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     name  =  "age"     value  =  "23"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "钓鱼1"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "173"  />  
		 
			 </bean>  
		 
			 </beans>  
		 
			    
	 

dyj2.xml:


	 
		 
			 <?  xml version  =  "1.0"   encoding  =  "UTF-8"  ?>  
		 
			 <beans     xmlns  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans"  
		 
			 xmlns:xsi  =  "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
		 
			 xsi:schemaLocation  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"  >  
		 
			 <bean     name  =  "person1,person2 person3;person4"     class  =  "entity.Person"  >  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     index  =  "0"     value  =  "丁大大2"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     name  =  "age"     value  =  "23"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "钓鱼2"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "173"  />  
		 
			 </bean>  
		 
			 </beans>  
		 
			    
	 

dyj3.xml:


	 
		 
			 <?  xml version  =  "1.0"   encoding  =  "UTF-8"  ?>  
		 
			 <beans     xmlns  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans"  
		 
			 xmlns:xsi  =  "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
		 
			 xsi:schemaLocation  =  "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"  >  
		 
			 <bean     name  =  "person1,person2 person3;person4"     class  =  "entity.Person"  >  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     index  =  "0"     value  =  "丁大大3"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     name  =  "age"     value  =  "23"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "钓鱼3"  />  
		 
			 <constructor-arg     type  =  "java.lang.String"     value  =  "173"  />  
		 
			 </bean>  
		 
			 </beans>  
		 
			    
	 

③执行:

④总结:

如果三个文件都是对同一个操作同一个类,或者说内容一致,那么就以主xml中从上到下最后一个impot为准。 语法格式: 优点: 每个人开发的都是独立的,如果重复的内容,Spring会帮我们自动合并! 降低了程序的冲突性! 大大提高了后期代码的可维护性!

 

总结

本篇文章就到这里了,希望能帮助到你,也希望您能够多多关注我们的更多内容!

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/mf97532/article/details/118220999

查看更多关于Spring(二):Spring通过IOC来创建对象的详细内容...

  阅读:14次