一、IOC如何获取对象
1.1 Spring是如何获取对象的?
①新建一个maven项目后导入webmvc的依赖:因为webmvc包含了很多其他依赖,为了省事,干脆导入一个总的,方便省事!版本嘛!个人比较喜欢用最新版。
<dependency> <groupId> org.springframework </groupId> <artifactId> spring-webmvc </artifactId> <version> 5.3.5 </version> </dependency>
②新建实体测试类:
public class Person { private String name ; private int age ; pri 编程客栈 vate String like 编程客栈 ; private String high ; //get、set、tostring方法为了篇幅省略,可以自己加或者使用lombok }
③在resources目录下新建 ContextAplication.xml 文件
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > <bean id = "Person" class = "entity.Person" > <property name = "age" value = "23" ></property> <property name = "name" value = "丁大大" ></property> <property name = "like" value = "钓鱼" ></property> <property name = "high" value = "173" ></property> </bean> </beans>
④以上前提之后,你会发现你的测试Person类种发生了变化:点击可以跳转到指定的xml位置哦~
⑤测试:
Context.getBean() 不指定类时,需要强制转换,所以建议使用第二种方式来获取对象
public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ( "ContextAplication.xml" ); // Person person = (Person) Context.getBean("Person");//这里不指定的话需要强转,建议用下面的方式来拿对象 Person person = Context . getBean ( "Person" , Person . class ); System . out . println ( person ); } }
⑥执行结果如下:成功拿到值!
⑦总结:
控制 : 传统的程序对象的创建是由程序来控制创建的。 反转 : 交给Spring容器来创建对象,而程序只负责被动的接收对象。这就是反转。 依赖注入 : 就是通过set方法来注入的。
1.2 改造案例由xml选择创建对象
①xml:
<bean id = "StudentMapperImpl" class = "mapper.impl.StudentMapperImpl" /> <bean id = "TeacherMapperImpl" class = "mapper.impl.TeacherMapperImpl" /> <bean id = "PersonServiceImpl" class = "service.impl.PersonServiceImpl" > <property name = "studentMapper" ref = "StudentMapperImpl" /> </bean>
②测试:
ApplicationContext Context1 = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ( "ContextAplication.xml" ); PersonServiceImpl personServiceImpl = Con www . cppcns . com text1 . getBean ( "PersonServiceImpl" , PersonServiceImpl . class ); personServiceImpl . getPersonInfo ();
③执行结果:
⑤总结:
对象由Spring 来创建 , 管理 , 装配 !这就是 IOC!
二、IOC是通过什么方式来创建对象的?
2.1 通过无参构造函数来创建对象
①以Person类为例子,但是加上一个无参构造函数!
public class Person { private String name ; private int age ; private String like ; private String high ; public Person () { //输出一句话证明自己被调用了! System . out . println ( "我是Person类的无参构造函数!我被调用了!!!!" ); } //set、get、tostring方法因为篇幅原因省略,请手动加上! }
②xml中配置:
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > <bean id = "Person" class = "entity.Person" > <property name = "age" value = "23" ></property> <property name = "name" value = "丁大大" ></property> <property name = "like" value = "钓鱼" ></property> <property name = "high" value = "173" ></property> </bean> </beans>
③测试类:
public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ( "ContextAplication.xml" ); Person person = Context . getBean ( "Person" , Person . class ); System . out . println ( person ); } }
④执行结果:
⑤去除无参构造,增加有参构造:
xml配置程序直接报错:
⑥总结:
Spring创建对象默认是通过无参构造函数创建的!能通过有参构造函数来创建对象嘛?能!看下面!
2.2 通过有参构造方法来创建对象
①前提于 2.1 一致,新增有参构造函数:(因为类中,默认的也就是不写构造参数就是无参构造,写了有参构造才能真正意义上去除无参构造,这个不用解释太多吧,java基础的内容了~!)
public Person ( String name , int age , String like , String high ) { this . name = name ; this . age = age ; this . like = like ; this . high = high ; }
②xml配置文件中要发生一定的改变:
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > <bean id = "Person" class = "entity.Person" > <!-- <property name="name" value="丁大大"></property>--> <!-- <property name="age" value="23"></property>--> <!-- <property name="like" value="钓鱼"></property>--> <!-- <property name="high" value="173"></property>--> <constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大" /> <constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </bean> </beans>
③执行结果:
⑤总结:
无参构造函数指定值时使用 propert 标签 有参构造函数指定值时使用 constructor-arg 标签,三种写法 index --通过下标来给属性赋值 name --通过属性名称来给属性赋值 type -- 指定属性的类型来给属性赋值 基本类型可以直接写 引用类型得加上全称,如:java.lang.String 位置跟index差不多,依次从上到下对应属性的从上到下。 在配置文件加载的时候。其中管理的对象都已经初始化了!
三、Spring的配置
3.1 alias(别名):
为bean设置别名,可设置多个!①xml:
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > <alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias1" /> <alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias2" /> <alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias3" /> <bean id = "Person" class = "entity.Person" > <constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大" /> <constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </bean> </beans>
②测试类:
public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ( "ContextAplication.xml" ); Person person = Context . getBean ( "personAlias1" , Person . class ); System . out . println ( person ); } }
③执行结果:
④总结:讲实话,这玩意用处不大,因为还有更好的方式来设置别名!
3.2 Bean的配置:
bean就相当于java对象,由Spring创建和管理①xml:
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > <alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias1" /> <alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias2" /> <alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias3" /> <bean id = "Person" name = "person1,person2 person3;person4" class = "entity.Person" > <constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大" /> <constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </bean> </beans>
②测试类:
public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationCo casWbN ntext ( "ContextAplication.xml" ); Person person = Context . getBean ( "person4" , Person . class ); System . out . println ( person ); } }
③执行结果:
④总结:
id是bean的唯一标识符 如果没有配置id,那么name相当于标识符,并且可以设置多个 name也是别名,可多个,并且可以通过 逗号 空格 分号 来分隔,是不是比alias别名方便?所以设置别名我们一般使用name id和name同时存在,name只是别名,不是标识符 class是类的全限定名 包名+类名
3.3 import(团队合作之导入)
①在实际工作的开发过程中,一个项目可能由多个程序员来进行开发,所以为了解决共性问题,比如:同一文件提交时都进行了修改可能引起冲突,所以我们使用import来解耦!
②新建多个xml配置文件:
ContextAplication.xml:
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://HdhCmsTestsprin 编程客栈 gframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > <import resource = "dyj1.xml" /> <import resource = "dyj3.xml" /> <import resource = "dyj2.xml" /> </beans>
dyj1.xml:
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > <bean name = "person1,person2 person3;person4" class = "entity.Person" > <constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大1" /> <constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼1" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </bean> </beans>
dyj2.xml:
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > <bean name = "person1,person2 person3;person4" class = "entity.Person" > <constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大2" /> <constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼2" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </bean> </beans>
dyj3.xml:
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > <bean name = "person1,person2 person3;person4" class = "entity.Person" > <constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大3" /> <constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼3" /> <constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </bean> </beans>
③执行:
④总结:
如果三个文件都是对同一个操作同一个类,或者说内容一致,那么就以主xml中从上到下最后一个impot为准。 语法格式: 优点: 每个人开发的都是独立的,如果重复的内容,Spring会帮我们自动合并! 降低了程序的冲突性! 大大提高了后期代码的可维护性!
总结
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/mf97532/article/details/118220999
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