磁盘管理——小实验 - Linux操作系统：Ubuntu_Cent

磁盘管理——小实验

一实验要求

1.保证数据的安全，任何一块磁盘坏掉不影响数据丢失，还要考虑IO性能

2.划分两个单独的磁盘分区/web和/data

3.可以动态地扩展分区的大小

二实现功能

第一步对磁盘进行分区

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[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd

[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sde

第二步制作RAID5硬盘

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[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md5 -l 5 -n3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1

mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

[root@serv01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md5

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks

262144 inodes, 1047552 blocks

52377 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824

32 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768,98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (16384 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done

This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 27 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

第三步创建物理卷

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[root@serv01 ~]# p vc reate /dev/md5

Physical volume "/dev/md5" successfully created

第四步创建卷组

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[root@serv01 ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/md5

Volume group "myvg" successfully created

第五步创建逻辑卷

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#创建逻辑卷mylv01

[root@serv01 ~]# lvcreate -L 1000M -n mylv01 myvg

Logical volume "mylv01" created

#创建逻辑卷mylv02

[root@serv01 ~]# lvcreate -L 1000M -n mylv02 myvg

Logical volume "mylv02" created

第六步创建相关目录和配置文件

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#创建mdadm.conf文件

[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >/etc/mdadm.conf

#创建/web目录

[root@serv01 ~]# mkdir /web

#创建/data目录

[root@serv01 ~]# mkdir /data

#将挂载信息写到fstab文件中

[root@serv01 ~]# echo"/dev/myvg/mylv01 /web ext4 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab

[root@serv01 ~]# echo"/dev/myvg/mylv02 /data ext4 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab

[root@serv01 ~]# tail -n 2 /etc/fstab

/dev/myvg/mylv01 /web ext4 defaults 1 2

/dev/myvg/mylv02 /data ext4 defaults 1 2

第七步格式化硬盘

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#格式化mylv01

[root@serv01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv01

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks

64000 inodes, 256000 blocks

12800 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=264241152

8 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup

8000 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768,98304, 163840, 229376

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (4096 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done

This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 28 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

#格式化mylv02

[root@serv01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv02

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks

64000 inodes, 256000 blocks

12800 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=264241152

8 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup

8000 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768,98304, 163840, 229376

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (4096 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done

This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 24 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

第八步挂载

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#挂载web

[root@serv01 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv01/web

#挂载data

[root@serv01 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv02/data

#查看磁盘信息

[root@serv01 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 9.7G 1.1G 8.1G 12% /

tmpfs 188M 0 188M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 194M 25M 160M 14% /boot

/dev/sda5 4.0G 137M 3.7G 4% /opt

/dev/sr0 3.4G 3.4G 0 100% /iso

/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv01

985M 18M 918M 2% /web

/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv02

985M 18M 918M 2% /data

第九步模拟硬盘坏掉

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#拷贝文件到web目录

[root@serv01 ~]# cp /boot/* /web/

#查看RAID5的详细信息

[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5

/dev/md5:

Version : 1.2

Creation Time : Fri Aug 200:35:07 2013

Raid Level : raid5

Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)

Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)

Raid Devices : 3

Total Devices : 3

Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Fri Aug 2 00:46:462013

State : clean

Active Devices : 3

Working Devices : 3

Failed Devices : 0

Spare Devices : 0

Layout : left-symmetric

Chunk Size : 512K

Name : serv01.host.com:5 (local to host serv01.host.com)

UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f

Events : 22

Number Major Minor RaidDevice State

0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1

1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1

3 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1

#清除/dev/sdb，o

[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

[root@serv01 ~]# ls /web/

config-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64 lost+found System.map-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64

initramfs-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.img symvers-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.gz vmlinuz-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64

#再次查看，发现/dev/sdb被标记为removed

[root@serv01~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5

/dev/md5:

Version : 1.2

Creation Time : Fri Aug 200:35:07 2013

Raid Level : raid5

Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)

Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)

Raid Devices : 3

Total Devices : 2

Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Fri Aug 2 00:48:192013

State : clean, degraded

Active Devices : 2

Working Devices : 2

Failed Devices : 0

Spare Devices : 0

Layout : left-symmetric

Chunk Size : 512K

Name : serv01.host.com:5 (localto host serv01.host.com)

UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f

Events : 30

Number Major Minor RaidDevice State

0 0 0 0 removed

1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1

3 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1

第十步添加硬盘

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#添加/dev/sde1磁盘

[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md5--add /dev/sde1

mdadm: added /dev/sde1

#再次查看，发现/dev/sde被标记为active

[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5

/dev/md5:

Version : 1.2

Creation Time : Fri Aug 200:35:07 2013

Raid Level : raid5

Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)

Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)

Raid Devices : 3

TotalDevices : 3

Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Fri Aug 2 00:49:192013

State : clean

Active Devices : 3

Working Devices : 3

Failed Devices : 0

Spare Devices : 0

Layout : left-symmetric

Chunk Size : 512K

Name : serv01.host.com:5 (localto host serv01.host.com)

UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f

Events : 51

Number Major Minor RaidDevice State

4 8 65 0 active sync /dev/sde1

1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1

3 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1

#查看RAID信息

[root@serv01 ~]# cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]

md5 : active raid5 sde1[4] sdc1[1] sdd1[3]

4190208 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]

unused devices: <none>

第十一步增加逻辑卷

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#可以增加逻辑卷的大小

[root@serv01 ~]# lvextend -L +1G/dev/myvg/mylv01

Extending logical volume mylv01 to 1.98 GiB

Logical volume mylv01 successfully resized

#让增加的操作生效

[root@serv01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv01

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/myvg/mylv01 is mountedon /web; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1

Performing an on-line resize of/dev/myvg/mylv01 to 518144 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv01 is now518144 blocks long.

#再次查看，发现磁盘空间变大

[root@serv01 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 9.7G 1.1G 8.1G 12% /

tmpfs 188M 0 188M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 194M 25M 160M 14% /boot

/dev/sda5 4.0G 137M 3.7G 4% /opt

/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv01

2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /web

/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv02

985M 18M 918M 2% /data

/dev/sr0 3.4G 3.4G 0 100% /iso

#再添加一块硬盘

[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md5--add /dev/sdf1

mdadm: added /dev/sdf1

[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5

/dev/md5:

Version : 1.2

Creation Time : Fri Aug 200:35:07 2013

Raid Level : raid5

Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)

Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)

Raid Devices : 3

Total Devices : 4

Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Fri Aug 2 00:56:132013

State : clean

Active Devices : 3

Working Devices : 4

Failed Devices : 0

Spare Devices : 1

Layout : left-symmetric

Chunk Size : 512K

Name : serv01.host.com:5 (localto host serv01.host.com)

UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f

Events : 52

Number Major Minor RaidDevice State

4 8 65 0 active sync /dev/sde1

1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1

3 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1

5 8 81 - spare /dev/sdf1

#让添加的硬盘生效

[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --grow /dev/md5—raid-device=4

[root@serv01 ~]# pvdisplay

---Physical volume ---

PVName /dev/md5

VGName myvg

PVSize 4.00 GiB / not usable4.00 MiB

Allocatable yes

PESize 4.00 MiB

Total PE 1022

Free PE 266

Allocated PE 756

PVUUID uZoEve-F3Dr-KSBL-tXpA-ZtX5-9ZPM-64uv06

#让物理卷的大小同步

[root@serv01 ~]# pvresize /dev/md5

Physical volume "/dev/md5" changed

1physical volume(s) resized / 0 physical volume(s) not resized

[root@serv01 ~]# pvdisplay

---Physical volume ---

PVName /dev/md5

VGName myvg

PVSize 5.99 GiB / not usable0

Allocatable yes

PESize 4.00 MiB

Total PE 1534

Free PE 778

Allocated PE 756

PVUUID uZoEve-F3Dr-KSBL-tXpA-ZtX5-9ZPM-64uv06

#可以监控文件的变化

[root@serv01 ~]# watch cat /proc/mdstat

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更新时间：2022-09-14 阅读：58次