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SpringCloud 2020-Ribbon负载均衡服务调用的实现

1、概述

官网: https://github测试数据/Netflix/ribbon/wiki/Getting-Started

Ribbon 目前也进入维护模式,未来替换方案:

LB( 负载均衡 )

集中式LB

进程内LB

Ribbon就是负载均衡+RestTemplate调用

2、Ribbon负载均衡演示

1、架构说明

总结:Ribbon其实就是一个软负载均衡的客户端组件,他可以和其他所需请求的客户端结合使用,和eureka结合只是其中的一个实例。
2、


3、二说RestTemplate的使用

官网
修改cloud-consumer-order80

getForObject方法/getForEntity方法

postForObject/postForEntity

GET请求方法 POST请求方法

4、依次2启动7001,7002,8001,8002,80。访问: http://localhost/consumer/payment/getForEntity/31

3、Ribbon核心组件IRule

IRule:根据特定算法从服务列表中选取一个要访问的服务

Ribbon自带负载均衡算法:

如何替换负载均衡算法 :修改cloud-consumer-order80
1、注意配置细节

2、新建package

3、在myrule下面新建配置类MySelfRule

package com . liukai . myrule ;   import com . netflix . loadbalancer . IRule ; import com . netflix . loadbalancer . RandomRule ; import org . springframework . context . annotation . Bean ; import org . springframework . context . annotation . Configuration ;   /** * @author liukai * @version 1.0.0 * @ClassName MySelfRule.java * @Description TODO * @createTime 2021年03月21日 11:50:00 */ @Configuration public class MySelfRule {   @Bean ( name = "myRandomRule" ) public IRule myRule (){ return new RandomRule (); //定义为随机 } }

4、主启动类添加@RibbonClient

package com . liukai . springcloud ;   import com . liukai . myrule . MySelfRule ; import org . springframework . boot . SpringApplication ; import org . springframework . boot . autoconfigure . SpringBootApplication ; import org . springframework . cloud . netflix . eureka . EnableEurekaClient ; import org . springframework . cloud . netflix . ribbon . RibbonClient ;   /** * @author liukai * @version 1.0.0 * @ClassName OrderMain80.java * @Description TODO * @createTime 2021年03月19日 18:27:00 */ @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @RibbonClient ( name = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE" , configuration = MySelfRule . class ) public class OrderMain80 {   public static void main ( String [] args ) { SpringApplication . run ( OrderMain80 . class ); }   }

5、测试:依次启动7001,7002,8001,8002,cloud-consumer-order80
访问:http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/31
多方问几次,可以发现查询的端口号是随机的,而不是交替出现了

4、Ribbon负载均衡算法

4.1 原理 + 源码

1、注释掉cloud-consumer-order80主启动类的@RibbonClient
2、原理

3、源码:

public Server choose ( ILoadBalancer lb , Object key ) { if ( lb == null ) { log . warn ( "no load balancer" ); return null ; }   Server server = null ; int count = 0 ; while ( server == null && count ++ < 10 ) { List < Server > reachableServers = lb . getReachableServers (); List < Server > allServers = lb . getAllServers (); int upCount = reachableServers . size (); int serverCount = allServers . size ();   if (( upCount == 0 ) || ( serverCount == 0 )) { log . warn ( "No up servers available from load balancer: " + lb ); return null ; }   int nextServerIndex = incrementAndGetModulo ( serverCount ); server = allServers . get ( nextServerIndex );   if ( server == null ) { /* Transient. */ Thread . yield (); continue ; }   if ( server . isAlive () && ( server . isReadyToServe ())) { return ( server ); }   // Next. server = null ; }   if ( count >= 10 ) { log . warn ( "No available alive servers after 10 tries from load balancer: " + lb ); } return server ; }   /** * Inspired by the implementation of {@link AtomicInteger#incrementAndGet()}. * * @param modulo The modulo to bound the value of the counter. * @return The next value. */ private int incrementAndGetModulo ( int modulo ) { for (;;) { int current = nextServerCyclicCounter . get (); int next = ( current + 1 ) % modulo ; if ( nextServerCyclicCounter . compareAndSet ( current , next )) return next ; } }

4.2 手写负载均衡算法

1、修改8001,8002的controller

// 手写负载均衡需要用到 @GetMapping ( value = "/payment/lb" ) public String getPaymentLB (){ return serverPort ; }

2、cloud-consumer-order80的ApplicationContextBean去掉@LoadBalanced
3、新建接口LoadBalancer

package com . liukai . springcloud . lb ;   import org . springframework . cloud . client . ServiceInstance ;   import java . util . List ;   /** * @author liukai * @version 1.0.0 * @ClassName LoadBalancer.java * @Description TODO * @createTime 2021年03月21日 12:24:00 */ public interface LoadBalancer { //收集服务器总共有多少台能够提供服务的机器,并放到list里面 ServiceInstance instances ( List < ServiceInstance > serviceInstances ); }

4、新建实现类MyLB

package com . liukai . springcloud . lb ;   import org . springframework . cloud . client . ServiceInstance ; import org . springframework . stereotype . Component ;   import java . util . List ; import java . util . concurrent . atomic . AtomicInteger ;   /** * @author liukai * @version 1.0.0 * @ClassName MyLB.java * @Description TODO * @createTime 2021年03月21日 12:27:00 */ @Component public class MyLB implements LoadBalancer {   private AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger ( 0 );   //坐标 private final int getAndIncrement () { int current ; int next ; do { current = this . atomicInteger . get (); next = current >= 2147483647 ? 0 : current + 1 ; } while (! this . atomicInteger . compareAndSet ( current , next )); //第一个参数是期望值,第二个参数是修改值是 System . out . print ( "*******第几次访问,次数next: " + next ); return next ; }   @Override public ServiceInstance instances ( List < ServiceInstance > serviceInstances ) { //得到机器的列表 int index = getAndIncrement () % serviceInstances . size (); //得到服务器的下标位置 System . out . println ( " ====>端口:" + serviceInstances . get ( index ). getPort ()); return serviceInstances . get ( index ); } }

5、修改OrderController

@Resource private LoadBalancer loadBalancer ;   @Resource private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient ;   @GetMapping ( value = "/consumer/payment/lb" ) public String getPaymentLB (){ List < ServiceInstance > instances = discoveryClient . getInstances ( "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE" ); if ( instances == null || instances . size () <= 0 ){ return null ; } // instances.forEach(System.out::println); // 使用手写的负载均衡算法获取服务 ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancer . instances ( instances ); // 获取服务的地址 URI uri = serviceInstance . getUri (); // 拼接地址访问 return restTemplate . getForObject ( uri + "/payment/lb" , String . class ); }

6、测试:访问 http://localhost/consumer/payment/lb
发现访问的端口号开始轮询出现,手写负载均衡轮询算法成功


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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/Cool_Boy23955/article/details/115044624

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