1、数据库环境
数据库DBID及打开模式
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SQL> select dbid,open_mode from v$ database ; DBID OPEN_MODE ---------- ---------- 4106451204 READ WRITE |
数据文件:
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SQL> select file#,status,enabled, name from v$datafile;
FILE# STATUS ENABLED NAME ---------- ------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 SYSTEM READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/system01.dbf 2 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf 3 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/sysaux01.dbf 4 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_1.dbf 5 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs3.dbf 6 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_big01.dbf 7 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf |
控制文件：
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SQL> select status, name from v$controlfile;
STATUS NAME ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/ora_control1 /u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/ora_control2 /u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/control3 |
联机日志：
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SQL> select group #,status,type,member from v$logfile;
GROUP # STATUS TYPE MEMBER ---------- ------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo01.log 1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo11.log 3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo03.log 2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo02.log 5 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo05.log 5 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo55.log 4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo04.log 4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo44.log |
2、数据库备份脚本
冷备份脚本
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#rem script:coldbak.sh #rem creater:chon #rem date :2011 #rem desc :offline full backup database
# --connect database sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF # --shutdown database shutdown immediate; # --Copy Data file !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/*.dbf /backup !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf /backup # --Copy Control file !cp /u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/* /backup # --Copy Log file !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/*.log /backup # --Copy archive log !cp -R /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/OCMDB/archivelog/* /backup # --startup database startup; |
说明：
1、以上脚本在数据库关闭状态下备份数据库所有的数据文件，联机日志，控制文件，归档日志（在一个目录下），如果成功备份，所有文件是一致的。
2、没有备份参数文件，参数文件可以另外备份，没有必要每次都备份，只需要在改变设置后备份一次。
3、如果以上命令没有成功依次执行，那么备份将是无效的，如连接数据库不成功，那么肯定关闭数据库也不成功，那么备份则无效
4、冷备份建议下人工干预下执行。
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OS热备份
查看表空间和数据文件对应关系
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SQL> select file_id,tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME ---------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 RMAN_TS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf 6 BIG_TBS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_big01.dbf 5 TBS3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs3.dbf 4 TBS_1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_1.dbf 3 SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/sysaux01.dbf 2 UNDOTBS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf 1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/system01.dbf |
数据库OS热全备份脚本
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#rem script:hotbak.sh #rem creater:chon #rem date :2011 #rem desc :backup all database datafile in archive
# --connect database sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
# --archive alter system archive log current ;
# --start hotbak alter tablespace system begin backup; !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/system01.dbf /backup alter tablespace system end backup;
alter tablespace UNDOTBS begin backup; !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf /backup alter tablespace UNDOTBS end backup;
alter tablespace SYSAUX begin backup; !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/sysaux01.dbf /backup alter tablespace SYSAUX end backup;
alter tablespace TBS_1 begin backup; !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_1.dbf /backup alter tablespace TBS_1 end backup;
alter tablespace TBS3 begin backup; !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs3.dbf /backup alter tablespace TBS3 end backup;
alter tablespace BIG_TBS begin backup; !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_big01.dbf /backup alter tablespace BIG_TBS end backup;
alter tablespace RMAN_TS begin backup; !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf /backup alter tablespace RMAN_TS end backup; # --end
# --bak control file # --binary alter database backup controlfile to '/backup/controlbinbak.000' ; # --ascii alter database backup controlfile to trace;
alter system archive log current ; |
说明：
1、热备份必须在数据库归档方式下才可以运行
2、以上脚本可以在数据库运行状态下备份数据库所有的数据文件（除了临时数据文件），没有必要备份联机日志。
3、归档日志至少需要一次完整备份之后的所有日志。
4、如果以上命令没有成功依次执行，那么备份也是无效的，如连接数据库不成功，那么备份则无效
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RMAN备份脚本
--本地
创建文件夹
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mkdir /home/oracle/backup mkdir /home/oracle/backup/script mkdir /home/oracle/backup/log mkdir /home/oracle/backup/export |
--备份目的地
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mkdir /home/oracle/rman_backup |
创建备份表空间
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create tablespace rman_tbs datafile '/oradata/luke/rman_tbs01.dbf' size 1024M; |
创建备份用户
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create user rman identified by rman default tablespace rman_tbs temporary tablespace temp ; |
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grant connect,resource ,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
rman catalog rman /rman create catalog tablespace rman_tbs; connect target sys /lukewhx @luke register database; report schema;
configure retention policy to redundancy 2; configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;
--倒出RMAN用户数据脚本exp_rman.par (即备份catalog库） userid=rman /rman file = /home/oracle/backup/export/rman .dmp log= /home/oracle/backup/log/rman .log
-- 倒出RMAN数据SHELL脚本exp_rman.sh #!/bin/bash cd $HOME . .bash_profile cd $HOME /backup/script exp parfile=exp_rman.par
-- 零级备份RMAN脚本level0_backup.rcv connect catalog rman /rman connect target sys /unumall @unu2 run {
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 14 DAYS; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; allocate channel d1 type disk; allocate channel d2 type disk; backup incremental level 0 database format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level0_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag= 'level 0' include current controlfile; sql 'alter system archive log current' ; backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input; release channel d2; release channel d1; } crosscheck backup; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; resync catalog;
--零级备份SHELL脚本的level0_backup.sh #!/bin/bash cd $HOME . .bash_profile cd $HOME /backup/script rman cmdfile=level0_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME /backup/log/level0_backup .log . /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman .sh
--一级差异增量备份RMAN脚本 level1_backup.rcv connect catalog rman /rman connect target sys /luke @luke run { allocate channel d1 type disk; backup incremental level 1 format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level1_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 1' database; sql 'alter system archive log current' ; backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input; release channel d1; } crosscheck backup; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; resync catalog;
--一级差异增量备份SHELL脚本level1_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash cd $HOME . .bash_profile cd /home/oracle/backup/script rman cmdfile=level1_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME /backup/log/level1 .log . /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman .sh
--二级差异增量备份RMAN脚本 level2_backup.rcv connect catalog rman /rman connect target sys /luke @luke run { allocate channel d1 type disk; backup incremental level 2 format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level2_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 2' database; sql 'alter system archive log current' ; backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input; release channel d1; } crosscheck backup; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; resync catalog; |
--二级差异增量备份SHELL脚本level2_backup.sh
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#!/bin/bash cd $HOME . .bash_profile cd /home/oracle/backup/script rman cmdfile=level2_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME /backup/log/level2 .log . /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman .sh |
提高 RMAN增量备份性能
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alter database enable block change tracking using file '/u01/app/oracle/admin/devdb/bdump/luke.log' ;
desc v $block_change_tracking; |
linux下定时执行备份脚本
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crontab -e -u oracle SHELL= /bin/bash --以下脚本在 bash 下执行 MAILTO=oracle --执行日志以邮件形式邮给oracle用户，可以 /var/spool/mail/oracle 下查收 10 1 * * 0 /home/oracle/backup/script/level0_backup .sh 10 1 * * 1 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup .sh 10 1 * * 2 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup .sh 10 1 * * 3 /home/oracle/backup/script/level1_backup .sh 10 1 * * 4 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup .sh 10 1 * * 5 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup .sh 10 1 * * 6 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup .sh |
一周差异备份策略：
备份目标库和catalog库
周日0级全备，周一周二为2级，周三为1级，周四周五周六为2级。
每天凌晨1点10分开始备份
零级备份
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backup incremental level 0 database; |
一级差异增量 差异增量是默认增量备份方式
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backup incremental level 1 database; |
一级累计增量
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backup incremental level 1 cumulative database; |
总结
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原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/chinaops/p/13587704.html
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