在日常工作中；经常会遇到这样的需求：
Oracle 数据表跟文本或者文件格式进行交互；即将指定文件内容导入对应的 Oracle 数据表中；或者从 Oracle 数据表导出。 其他数据库中的表跟Oracle数据库进行交互。若是少量数据；可选择的解决方案有很多。常用的用 Pl/SQL developer工具，或者手动转换为 INSERT 语句，或者通过API。但数据量大；用上面的方法效率太烂了。本文来说说 Oracle 数据的加载和卸载。
Oracle中的DBLINK Oracle加载数据-外部表 Oracle加载数据-sqlldr工具 Oracle卸载数据-sqludr一. Oracle 中的 DBLINK
在日常工作中；会遇到不同的数据库进行数据对接；每个数据库都有着功能；像Oracle有 DBLINK ; PostgreSQL有外部表。
1.1 Oracle DBlink 语法
CREATE [PUBLIC] DATABASE LINK link
CONNECT TO username
IDENTIFIED BY password
USING 'connectstring'
1.2 Oracle To Mysql
在oracle配置mysql数据库的dblink
二.Oracle加载数据-外部表
ORACLE外部表用来存取数据库以外的文本文件（Text File）或ORACLE专属格式文件。因此，建立外部表时不会产生段、区、数据块等存储结构，只有与表相关的定义放在数据字典中。外部表，顾名思义，存储在数据库外面的表。当存取时才能从ORACLE专属格式文件中取得数据，外部表仅供查询，不能对外部表的内容进行修改（INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE操作）。不能对外部表建立索引。
2.1 创建外部表需要的目录
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# 创建外部表需要的目录 SQL> create or replace directory DUMP_DIR as '/data/ora_ext_lottu' ; Directory created. # 给用户授予指定目录的操作权限 SQL> GRANT READ ,WRITE ON DIRECTORY DUMP_DIR TO lottu;
Grant succeeded. |
2.2 外部表源文件lottu.txt
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10,ACCOUNTING,NEW YORK 20,RESEARCH,DALLAS 30,SALES,CHICAGO 40,OPERATIONS,BOSTON |
2.3 创建外部表
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drop table dept_external purge;
CREATE TABLE dept_external ( deptno NUMBER(6), dname VARCHAR2(20), loc VARCHAR2(25) ) ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL (TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTORY DUMP_DIR ACCESS PARAMETERS ( RECORDS DELIMITED BY newline BADFILE 'lottu.bad' LOGFILE 'lottu.log' FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' ( deptno INTEGER EXTERNAL(6), dname CHAR (20), loc CHAR (25) ) ) LOCATION ( 'lottu.txt' ) ) REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED; |
查看数据
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SQL> select * from dept_external;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------------- ------------------------- 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON |
三. Oracle加载数据-sqlldr工具
3.1 准备实验对象
创建文件lottu.txt；和表tbl_load_01。
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[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ seq 1000|awk -vOFS= "," '{print $1,"lottu",systime()-$1}' > lottu.txt [oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqlplus lottu/li0924 SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Aug 13 22:58:34 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to : Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> create table tbl_load_01 (id number, name varchar2(10),accountid number); Table created. |
3.2 创建控制文件lottu.ctl
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load data characterset utf8 infile '/home/oracle/lottu.txt' truncate into table tbl_load_01 fields terminated by ',' trailing nullcols optionally enclosed by ' ' TRAILING NULLCOLS ( id , name , accountid ) |
3.3 执行sqlldr
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[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqlldr 'lottu/"li0924"' control=/home/oracle/lottu.ctl log=/home/oracle/lottu.log bad=/home/oracle/lottu.bad SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Aug 13 23:10:12 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and / or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Commit point reached - logical record count 64 Commit point reached - logical record count 128 Commit point reached - logical record count 192 Commit point reached - logical record count 256 Commit point reached - logical record count 320 Commit point reached - logical record count 384 Commit point reached - logical record count 448 Commit point reached - logical record count 512 Commit point reached - logical record count 576 Commit point reached - logical record count 640 Commit point reached - logical record count 704 Commit point reached - logical record count 768 Commit point reached - logical record count 832 Commit point reached - logical record count 896 Commit point reached - logical record count 960 Commit point reached - logical record count 1000 |
四.Oracle卸载数据-sqludr
sqludr是将Oracle数据表导出到文本中；是牛人楼方鑫开发的。并非Oracle自带工具；需要下载安装才能使用。
4.1 sqludr安装
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[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ unzip sqluldr2linux64.zip Archive: sqluldr2linux64.zip inflating: sqluldr2linux64.bin [oracle@oracle235 ~]$ mv sqluldr2linux64.bin $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqludr |
4.2 查看sqludr帮助
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[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqludr -? SQL*UnLoader: Fast Oracle Text Unloader (GZIP, Parallel), Release 4.0.1 (@) Copyright Lou Fangxin (AnySQL.net) 2004 - 2010, all rights reserved. License: Free for non-commercial useage, else 100 USD per server. Usage: SQLULDR2 keyword=value [,keyword=value,...] Valid Keywords: user = username/ password @tnsname sql = SQL file name query = select statement field = separator string between fields record = separator string between records rows = print progress for every given rows ( default , 1000000) file = output file name ( default : uldrdata.txt) log = log file name , prefix with + to append mode fast = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES) text = output type (MYSQL, CSV, MYSQLINS, ORACLEINS, FORM, SEARCH). charset = character set name of the target database . ncharset= national character set name of the target database . parfile = read command option from parameter file for field and record, you can use '0x' to specify hex character code, \r=0x0d \n=0x0a |=0x7c ,=0x2c, \t=0x09, :=0x3a, #=0x23, "=0x22 '=0x27 |
4.3 执行sqludr
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[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqludr lottu/li0924 query= "tbl_load_01" file=lottu01.txt field= "," 0 rows exported at 2018-08-13 23:47:55, size 0 MB. 1000 rows exported at 2018-08-13 23:47:55, size 0 MB. output file lottu01.txt closed at 1000 rows , size 0 MB. |
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Oracle数据加载和卸载的实现方法，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持！
原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/lottu/archive/2018/08/27/9541300.html
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