MongoDB
MongoDB 是一个开源的文档数据库，并领先的 NoSQL 数据库。 MongoDB 是由 c++语言编写。
文档
文档是一组键 - 值对。文件动态模式。动态模式是指，在相同集合中的文档不需要具有相同的字段或结构组的公共字段的集合的文档，可以容纳不同类型的数据。
db.集合名称.update({query},{update},upsert, multi})
query:过滤条件
update:修改内容
upsert：如果不存在查询条件查出的记录，是否插入一条数据，默认是false
multi：是否只修改查询条件查出的第一条记录，默认是false
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
> db.student. update ({_id:1}, { name : "zhang" }) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhang" } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } |
把整条数据都修改了，如果修改内容中没有设置age字段，则以前的age也取消了，数据全部修改
局部修改
$set:如果存在键则修改，如果不存在键则添加
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
> db.student. update ({_id: 1},{$ set :{ name : "zhangsan" , age: 26}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } |
id重复时无法修改
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 |
> db.student. update ({_id:1},{_id:0, name : "zhangsanzhangsan" }) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0, "writeError" : { "code" : 16837, "errmsg" : "The _id field cannot be changed from {_id: 1.0} to {_id: 0.0}." } }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } |
第三个参数默认为false，如果查不到数据false时不执行任何操作，true时往数据库里新插入一条数据
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
> db.student. update ({_id:7},{_id:7, name : "songjiu" , age:32}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 }) > db.student. update ({_id:7},{_id:7, name : "songjiu" }, true ) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 1, "nModified" : 0, "_id" : 7 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "age" : 32 } |
第四个参数默认为false，false时表示只修改查询到的第一条数据，true时表示修改查询到的所有数据
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |
> db.student. update ({age:32}, {$ set :{age:33}}, false , false ) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "age" : 32 } > db.student. update ({age:33}, {$ set :{age:32}}, false , true ) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 2, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 2 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "age" : 32 } > db.student. update ({age:32}, {$ set :{age:33}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "age" : 32 } |
$inc:在原来的基础上加多少
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
> db.student. update ({_id:7}, {$inc:{age:-1}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "age" : 31 } |
$unset:去掉某个键
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
> db.student. update ({_id:7},{$unset:{age:1}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" } |
针对数组类型的操作
$push:当数据中不存在键时，创建数组类型的键并插入该值;如果存在该键，并且该键是数组类型时，则在此数组类型的数据上追加;如果存在该键，并且该键不是数组类型时，会报错。
$pushAll:批量往数组中追加
$addToSet:数组中有该值时不追加，没有该值时追加
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 |
> db.student. update ({_id: 7},{$push:{skill: "java" }}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "skill" : [ "java" ] } > db.student. update ({_id: 7},{$push:{skill: "mongodb" }}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "skill" : [ "java" , "mongodb" ] } > db.student. update ({_id: 7},{$push:{ name : "111" }}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0, "writeError" : { "code" : 16837, "errmsg" : "The field 'name' must be an array but is of type String in document {_id: 7.0}" } }) > db.student. update ({_id: 7},{$pushAll:{skill:[ "js" , "C++" , "java" ]}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "skill" : [ "java" , "mongodb" , "js" , "C++" , "java" ] } > db.student. update ({_id:7},{$addToSet:{skill: "mongodb" }}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "skill" : [ "java" , "mongodb" , "js" , "C++" , "java" ] } |
$pop:删除数组的第一个或最后一个元素，值为-1时是删除第一个元素，值为1时是删除最后一个元素。
$pull:删除数组中的某一个指定的数值
$pullAll:删除数组中多个指定的数值
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 |
> db.student. update ({_id:7},{$pop:{skill:1}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "skill" : [ "java" , "mongodb" , "js" , "C++" ] } > db.student. update ({_id:7},{$pop:{skill:-1}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "skill" : [ "mongodb" , "js" , "C++" ] } > db.student. update ({_id:7},{$pull:{skill: "js" }}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "skill" : [ "mongodb" , "C++" ] } > db.student. update ({_id:7},{$pullAll:{skill:[ "js" ]}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "skill" : [ "mongodb" , "C++" ] } > db.student. update ({_id:7},{$pullAll:{skill:[ "mongodb" , "C++" ]}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" , "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" , "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" , "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" , "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" , "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" , "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" , "skill" : [ ] } |
查看更多关于MongoDB快速入门笔记(六)之MongoDB的文档修改操作的详细内容...