本文实例讲述了C#计算矩阵的逆矩阵方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下:
1.代码思路
1)对矩阵进行合法性检查:矩阵必须为方阵
2)计算矩阵行列式的值(Determinant函数)
3)只有满秩矩阵才有逆矩阵,因此如果行列式的值为0(在代码中以绝对值小于1E-6做判断),则终止函数,报出异常
4)求出伴随矩阵(AdjointMatrix函数)
5)逆矩阵各元素即其伴随矩阵各元素除以矩阵行列式的商
2.函数代码
(注:本段代码只实现了一个思路,可能并不是该问题的最优解)
/// <summary>
/// 求矩阵的逆矩阵
/// </summary>
/// <param name="matrix"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static double [][] InverseMatrix( double [][] matrix)
{
//matrix必须为非空
if (matrix == null || matrix.Length == 0)
{
return new double [][] { };
}
//matrix 必须为方阵
int len = matrix.Length;
for ( int counter = 0; counter < matrix.Length; counter++)
{
if (matrix[counter].Length != len)
{
throw new Exception( "matrix 必须为方阵" );
}
}
//计算矩阵行列式的值
double dDeterminant = Determinant(matrix);
if (Math.Abs(dDeterminant) <= 1E-6)
{
throw new Exception( "矩阵不可逆" );
}
//制作一个伴随矩阵大小的矩阵
double [][] result = AdjointMatrix(matrix);
//矩阵的每项除以矩阵行列式的值,即为所求
for ( int i = 0; i < matrix.Length; i++)
{
for ( int j = 0; j < matrix.Length; j++)
{
result[i][j] = result[i][j] / dDeterminant;
}
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 递归计算行列式的值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="matrix">矩阵</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static double Determinant( double [][] matrix)
{
//二阶及以下行列式直接计算
if (matrix.Length == 0) return 0;
else if (matrix.Length == 1) return matrix[0][0];
else if (matrix.Length == 2)
{
return matrix[0][0] * matrix[1][1] - matrix[0][1] * matrix[1][0];
}
//对第一行使用[加边法]递归计算行列式的值
double dSum = 0, dSign = 1;
for ( int i = 0; i < matrix.Length; i++)
{
double [][] matrixTemp = new double [matrix.Length - 1][];
for ( int count = 0; count < matrix.Length - 1; count++)
{
matrixTemp[count] = new double [matrix.Length - 1];
}
for ( int j = 0; j < matrixTemp.Length; j++)
{
for ( int k = 0; k < matrixTemp.Length; k++)
{
matrixTemp[j][k] = matrix[j + 1][k >= i ? k + 1 : k];
}
}
dSum += (matrix[0][i] * dSign * Determinant(matrixTemp));
dSign = dSign * -1;
}
return dSum;
}
/// <summary>
/// 计算方阵的伴随矩阵
/// </summary>
/// <param name="matrix">方阵</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static double [][] AdjointMatrix( double [][] matrix)
{
//制作一个伴随矩阵大小的矩阵
double [][] result = new double [matrix.Length][];
for ( int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++)
{
result[i] = new double [matrix[i].Length];
}
//生成伴随矩阵
for ( int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++)
{
for ( int j = 0; j < result.Length; j++)
{
//存储代数余子式的矩阵(行、列数都比原矩阵少1)
double [][] temp = new double [result.Length - 1][];
for ( int k = 0; k < result.Length - 1; k++)
{
temp[k] = new double [result[k].Length - 1];
}
//生成代数余子式
for ( int x = 0; x < temp.Length; x++)
{
for ( int y = 0; y < temp.Length; y++)
{
temp[x][y] = matrix[x < i ? x : x + 1][y < j ? y : y + 1];
}
}
//Console.WriteLine("代数余子式:");
//PrintMatrix(temp);
result[j][i] = ((i + j) % 2 == 0 ? 1 : -1) * Determinant(temp);
}
}
//Console.WriteLine("伴随矩阵:");
//PrintMatrix(result);
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 打印矩阵
/// </summary>
/// <param name="matrix">待打印矩阵</param>
private static void PrintMatrix( double [][] matrix, string title = "" )
{
//1.标题值为空则不显示标题
if (!String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(title))
{
Console.WriteLine(title);
}
//2.打印矩阵
for ( int i = 0; i < matrix.Length; i++)
{
for ( int j = 0; j < matrix[i].Length; j++)
{
Console.Write(matrix[i][j] + "\t" );
//注意不能写为:Console.Write(matrix[i][j] + '\t');
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
//3.空行
Console.WriteLine();
}
3.Main函数调用
static void Main( string [] args)
{
double [][] matrix = new double [][]
{
new double [] { 1, 2, 3 },
new double [] { 2, 2, 1 },
new double [] { 3, 4, 3 }
};
PrintMatrix(matrix, "原矩阵" );
PrintMatrix(AdjointMatrix(matrix), "伴随矩阵" );
Console.WriteLine( "行列式的值为:" + Determinant(matrix) + '\n' );
PrintMatrix(InverseMatrix(matrix), "逆矩阵" );
Console.ReadLine();
}
4.执行结果
希望本文所述对大家的C#程序设计有所帮助。
dy("nrwz");
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