python函数-dir()

最近确实是有些忙，刚过了年，积攒了很多事情需要处理，所以每日一函数只能是每两天更新一篇，在这里和大家致歉。

If the object is a module object, the list contains the names of the module’s attributes.

If the object is a type or class object, the list contains the names of its attributes, and recursively of the attributes of its bases.

Otherwise, the list contains the object’s attributes’ names, the names of its class’s attributes, and recursively of the attributes of its class’s base classes.

The resulting list is sorted alphabetically. For example:

>>> import struct
>>> dir()   # show the names in the module namespace
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', 'struct']
>>> dir(struct)   # show the names in the struct module
['Struct', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__',
 '__package__', '_clearcache', 'calcsize', 'error', 'pack', 'pack_into',
 'unpack', 'unpack_from']
>>> class Shape(object):
        def __dir__(self):
            return ['area', 'perimeter', 'location']
>>> s = Shape()
>>> dir(s) 

代码实例：

>>> dir()
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__']
>>> import struct
>>> dir()
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__', 'struct']
>>> dir(struct)
['Struct', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '_clearcache', 'calcsize','error', 'pack', 'pack_into', 'unpack', 'unpack_from']
>>> class Person(object):
...     def __dir__(self):
...             return ["name", "age", "country"]
...
>>> dir(Person)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__','__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__','__reduce_ex__', '__repr__','__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__']
>>> tom = Person()
>>> dir(tom)
['age', 'country', 'name'] 

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