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java高并发之线程组详解

线程组

我们可以把线程归属到某个线程组中,线程组可以包含多个 线程 以及 线程组 ,线程和线程组组成了父子关系,是个树形结构,如下图:

使用线程组可以方便管理线程,线程组提供了一些方法方便方便我们管理线程。

创建线程关联线程组

创建线程的时候,可以给线程指定一个线程组,代码如下:

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package com.itsoku.chat02; 

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  

/**

  * &lt;b&gt;description&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br&gt;   

  * &lt;b&gt;time&lt;/b&gt;:2019/7/13 17:53 &lt;br&gt;  

  * &lt;b&gt;author&lt;/b&gt;:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注! 

  */

public class Demo1 {   

     public static class R1 implements Runnable {   

         @Override   

         public void run() {

             System.out.println( "threadName:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());  

             try {  

                 TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep( 3 ); 

             } catch (InterruptedException e) { 

                 e.printStackTrace();   

             }  

         }  

     }  

     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {   

         ThreadGroup threadGroup = new ThreadGroup( "thread-group-1" );   

         Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup, new R1(), "t1" );   

         Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup, new R1(), "t2" );   

         t1.start();

         t2.start();

         TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep( 1 ); 

         System.out.println( "活动线程数:" + threadGroup.activeCount());  

         System.out.println( "活动线程组:" + threadGroup.activeGroupCount()); 

         System.out.println( "线程组名称:" + threadGroup.getName());  

     }  

}

输出结果:

threadName:t1
threadName:t2
活动线程数:2
活动线程组:0
线程组名称:thread-group-1

activeCount() 方法可以返回线程组中的所有活动线程数,包含下面的所有子孙节点的线程,由于线程组中的线程是动态变化的,这个值只能是一个估算值。

为线程组指定父线程组

创建线程组的时候,可以给其指定一个父线程组,也可以不指定,如果不指定父线程组,则父线程组为当前线程的线程组,java api有2个常用的构造方法用来创建线程组:

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public ThreadGroup(String name)    

public ThreadGroup(ThreadGroup parent, String name)

第一个构造方法未指定父线程组,看一下内部的实现:

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public ThreadGroup(String name) {  

         this (Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(), name);   

     }

系统自动获取当前线程的线程组作为默认父线程组。

上一段示例代码:

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package com.itsoku.chat02; 

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  

/**

  * &lt;b&gt;description&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br&gt;   

  * &lt;b&gt;time&lt;/b&gt;:2019/7/13 17:53 &lt;br&gt;  

  * &lt;b&gt;author&lt;/b&gt;:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注! 

  */

public class Demo2 {   

     public static class R1 implements Runnable {   

         @Override   

         public void run() {

             Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();

             System.out.println( "所属线程组:" + thread.getThreadGroup().getName() + ",线程名称:" + thread.getName());

             try {  

                 TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep( 3 ); 

             } catch (InterruptedException e) { 

                 e.printStackTrace();   

             }  

         }  

     }  

     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {   

         ThreadGroup threadGroup1 = new ThreadGroup( "thread-group-1" );  

         Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t1" );  

         Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t2" );  

         t1.start();

         t2.start();

         TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep( 1 ); 

         System.out.println( "threadGroup1活动线程数:" + threadGroup1.activeCount()); 

         System.out.println( "threadGroup1活动线程组:" + threadGroup1.activeGroupCount());

         System.out.println( "threadGroup1线程组名称:" + threadGroup1.getName()); 

         System.out.println( "threadGroup1父线程组名称:" + threadGroup1.getParent().getName());

         System.out.println( "----------------------" );  

         ThreadGroup threadGroup2 = new ThreadGroup(threadGroup1, "thread-group-2" );

         Thread t3 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t3" );  

         Thread t4 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t4" );  

         t3.start();

         t4.start();

         TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep( 1 ); 

         System.out.println( "threadGroup2活动线程数:" + threadGroup2.activeCount()); 

         System.out.println( "threadGroup2活动线程组:" + threadGroup2.activeGroupCount());

         System.out.println( "threadGroup2线程组名称:" + threadGroup2.getName()); 

         System.out.println( "threadGroup2父线程组名称:" + threadGroup2.getParent().getName());

         System.out.println( "----------------------" );  

         System.out.println( "threadGroup1活动线程数:" + threadGroup1.activeCount()); 

         System.out.println( "threadGroup1活动线程组:" + threadGroup1.activeGroupCount());

         System.out.println( "----------------------" );  

         threadGroup1.list();   

     }  

}

输出结果:

所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t1
所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t2
threadGroup1活动线程数:2
threadGroup1活动线程组:0
threadGroup1线程组名称:thread-group-1
threadGroup1父线程组名称:main
----------------------
所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t4
所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t3
threadGroup2活动线程数:2
threadGroup2活动线程组:0
threadGroup2线程组名称:thread-group-2
threadGroup2父线程组名称:thread-group-1
----------------------
threadGroup1活动线程数:4
threadGroup1活动线程组:1
----------------------
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]
Thread[t1,5,thread-group-1]
Thread[t2,5,thread-group-1]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]
Thread[t3,5,thread-group-2]
Thread[t4,5,thread-group-2]

代码解释:

1. threadGroup1 未指定父线程组,系统获取了主线程的线程组作为threadGroup1的父线程组,输出结果中是:main

2. threadGroup1 为threadGroup2的父线程组

3. threadGroup1 活动线程数为4,包含了threadGroup1线程组中的t1、t2,以及子线程组threadGroup2中的t3、t4

4.线程组的list()方法,将线程组中的所有子孙节点信息输出到控制台,用于调试使用

根线程组

获取根线程组

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package com.itsoku.chat02; 

/**

  * &lt;b&gt;description&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br&gt;   

  * &lt;b&gt;time&lt;/b&gt;:2019/7/13 17:53 &lt;br&gt;  

  * &lt;b&gt;author&lt;/b&gt;:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注! 

  */

public class Demo3 {   

     public static void main(String[] args) {   

         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());

         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup());   

         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getParent());   

         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getParent().getParent());   

     }  

}

运行上面代码,输出:

Thread[main,5,main]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=main,maxpri=10]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=system,maxpri=10]
null

从上面代码可以看出:

1.主线程的线程组为main

2.根线程组为system

看一下ThreadGroup的源码:

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private ThreadGroup() {     // called from C code  

         this .name = "system" ;  

         this .maxPriority = Thread.MAX_PRIORITY;

         this .parent = null ;

     }

发现ThreadGroup默认构造方法是private的,是由c调用的,创建的正是system线程组。

批量停止线程

调用线程组interrupt(),会将线程组树下的所有子孙线程中断标志置为true,可以用来批量中断线程。

示例代码:

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package com.itsoku.chat02; 

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  

/**

  * &lt;b&gt;description&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br&gt;   

  * &lt;b&gt;time&lt;/b&gt;:2019/7/13 17:53 &lt;br&gt;  

  * &lt;b&gt;author&lt;/b&gt;:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注! 

  */

public class Demo4 {   

     public static class R1 implements Runnable {   

         @Override   

         public void run() {

             Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();

             System.out.println( "所属线程组:" + thread.getThreadGroup().getName() + ",线程名称:" + thread.getName());

             while (!thread.isInterrupted()) {  

                 ;  

             }  

             System.out.println( "线程:" + thread.getName() + "停止了!" ); 

         }  

     }  

     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {   

         ThreadGroup threadGroup1 = new ThreadGroup( "thread-group-1" );  

         Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t1" );  

         Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t2" );  

         t1.start();

         t2.start();

         ThreadGroup threadGroup2 = new ThreadGroup(threadGroup1, "thread-group-2" );

         Thread t3 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t3" );  

         Thread t4 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t4" );  

         t3.start();

         t4.start();

         TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep( 1 ); 

         System.out.println( "-----------threadGroup1信息-----------" );

         threadGroup1.list();   

         System.out.println( "----------------------" );  

         System.out.println( "停止线程组:" + threadGroup1.getName() + "中的所有子孙线程" );

         threadGroup1.interrupt();  

         TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep( 2 ); 

         System.out.println( "----------threadGroup1停止后,输出信息------------" );  

         threadGroup1.list();   

     }  

}

输出:

所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t1
所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t2
所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t3
所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t4
-----------threadGroup1信息-----------
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]
Thread[t1,5,thread-group-1]
Thread[t2,5,thread-group-1]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]
Thread[t3,5,thread-group-2]
Thread[t4,5,thread-group-2]
----------------------
停止线程组:thread-group-1中的所有子孙线程
线程:t4停止了!
线程:t2停止了!
线程:t1停止了!
线程:t3停止了!
----------threadGroup1停止后,输出信息------------
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]

停止线程之后,通过list()方法可以看出输出的信息中不包含已结束的线程了。

总结

本篇文章就到这里了,希望能够给你带来帮助,也希望您能够多多关注的更多内容!

原文链接:https://itsoku.blog.csdn.net/article/details/100036280

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